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Institute

for A L^ V A N C E D S T U L^) Y

REPORT

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2002 - 2003

PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY

ARCHIVES

Institute for Advanced Study
Princeton. New Jersey 08540

Institute

/or ADVANCED STUDY

REPORT

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2002 - 2003

EINSTEIN DRIVE

PRINCETON ■ NEW JERSEY • 08540-0631

609-734-8000

609-924-8399 (Fax)

www. ias.edu

Extract from the letter addressed by the Institute's Founders, Louis Bamberger
and Mrs. FeUx Fuld, to the Board of Trustees, dated June 4, 1930.

Newark, New Jersey.

h is fundamental in our purpose, and our express desire, that
in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the
admission of workers and students, no account shall be taken,
directly or indirectly, of race, religion, or sex. We feel strongly
that the spirit characteristic of America at its noblest, above all
the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any conditions
as to personnel other than those designed to promote the objects
for which this institution is established, and particularly with
no regard whatever to accidents of race, creed, or sex.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 ■ BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

7 ■ FOUNDERS. TRUSTEES, AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD
AND OF THE CORPORATION

10 • ADMINISTRATION

12 • PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS AND FACULTY

15 • REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN

19 • REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

24 ■ OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR - RECORD OF EVENTS

31 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

47 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

67 ■ REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

85 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

103 • REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

115 • REPORT OF THE SPECIAL PROGRAMS

139 • REPORT OF THE INSTITUTE LIBRARIES

143 ■ INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The Institute for Advanced Study was founded in 1930 with a major gift from New
Jersey businessman and philanthropist Louis Bamberger and his sister, CaroUne
Bamberger Fuld, who wished to use their fortunes to make a significant and lasting
contribution to society. They sought the advice of educator Abraham Flexner, who
developed the concept of the Institute as a community of scholars whose primary
purpose would be the pursuit of advanced learning and scholarly exploration. The
Institute for Advanced Study has sustained its founding principle for over seventy
years. This commitment has yielded an unsurpassed record of definitive scholarship.

The Institute fills a unique role in postgraduate education and scientific and schol-
arly research. As "the university to universities," in the words of Trustee Vartan
Gregorian, the Institute serves all colleges and universities by providing a place
where scholars can hone their skills and do their best work, thereby adding substan-
tially to their ability to contribute as both teachers and scholars to the academic
institutions where they base their careers. For young scholars just entering the aca-
demic world, an opportunity to work at the Institute can set the direction for life-
long research interests and thereby determine professional careers. The Institute
provides more mature scholars with the opportunity to take a new direction in their
research or to complete a major piece of work away from the many obligations and
distractions of working life at a contemporary university. In our era, a time when
pure research and scholarly activities are undervalued, these opportunities are
exceedingly rare.

The Institute's foremost objective is the advancement of knowledge and the deepen-
ing of understanding across a broad range of the humanities, sciences, and social sci-
ences. One of the Institute's unique strengths is its small and distinguished perma-
nent Faculty, well-established scholars whose broad interests and extensive ties to the
larger academic world are reflected in their own work and also in the guidance and
direction they provide to the Institute's visiting Members. The Faculty defines the
major themes and questions which become the focus of each School's seminars and
other activities, and the Faculty selects and works closely with visiting Members.
Small in number and organized in four Schools (Historical Studies, Mathematics,
Natural Sciences, and Social Science), the Faculty and Members can interact with
one another without the departmental and disciplinary harriers Kiund in universities.

Each year the Institute awards fellowships to some 190 visiting Members from univer-
sities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute's 5,000 former
Members hold positions of intellectual and scientific leadership in the United States
and abroad. More than a dozen Nobel laureates have been Institute Faculty or Mem-
bers, and many more are winners of the Wolf or MacArthur prizes. Thirty-one out of
forty-three Fields Medalists have been Institute Faculty or Members.

The Institute does not receive income from tuition or fees. Resources for operations
come from endowment income, grants from private foundations and government
agencies, and gifts from corporations and individuals.

t seemed to me that the time was ripe for the creation in
America of an institute in the field of general scholarship
and science ... not a graduate school, training men in the
knoum and to some extent in methods of research, but an institute
where everyone — faculty and members — took for granted what
was known and published, and in their individual ways
endeavored to advance the frontiers of knowledge ."

— Abraham Flexncr, Founding Director (1930-39) of the

Institute, Memorandum to the Board of Trustees of the

Institute for Advanced Study, September 26, 1931

Fuld Hall

FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF
THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION

Founders

LOUIS BAMBERGER

CAROLINE BAMBERGER FULD

Board and Corporate Officers

JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN
Chairman of the Board

LEON LEVY

Chtiinnaii oj the Executive Committee

Vice Chairrnan of the Board

President of the Corporarion

(deceased A{ml 6, 200i)

MARTIN L. LEIBOWITZ
Vice Chairman of the Board

ALLEN L ROWE
Treasurer of the Corporation

RACHEL D. GRAY
Secretary of the Corporation

The Board of Trustees

JAMES G. ARTHUR

Unit'ersit}! Professor

Department of Mathematics , University of Toronto

Toronto, Canada

RICHARD B. BLACK

President and CEO, ECRM Incorporated

Tewksbury, Massachusetts

FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO

President, Federative Republic of Brazil

Brasilia, Brazil

MARTIN A. CHOOLJIAN

President, CH Capital Corporation

Princeton, New Jersey

W. ROBERT CONNOR

President and Director, Natiorud Humanities Center

Research Triangle Park, North Carolirm

MARIO DR.'VOHI

Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs /ntemarional

London, England

VARTAN GREGORIAN

President, Carnegie Corporation of New York

New York, New York

PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS

Director, Institute for Advanced Study

Princeton, New Jersey

PETER R. KANN
Chief Executive Officer, Dow] ones & Company, Incorporated

New Yiyrk, New York

IMMANUEL KOHN

Senior Partner and Chairman of the Executive Committee

Cahill Gordon & Reindel

New York, New York

MARIE-JOSEE KRAVIS

Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, Incorporated

New York, New York

MARTIN L. LEIBOWITZ

Vice Chairman and Chief Investment Officer

TIAA'CREF

New York, New York

LEON LEVY
Odyssey Partr^rs, L.P.

New York, New York
(deceased April 6, 2003)

DAVID K.P LI

Chairman arui Chief Executive, The Bank of East Asia, Limited

Hong Kong, China

NANCY S. MacMILLAN
Publisher, Princeton Alumni Weekly

Princeton, New]ersey

DAVID E MARQUARDT

Managing Partner, August Capital

Menlo Park, California

ROBERT B. MENSCHEL

Senior Director, Goldrrum Sachs & Company

New York, New York

NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD

Co-President, Intellectual Ventures

Bellevue, Was/iington

EDWARD J. NICOLL

Chief Executive Officer, Instinct Group Incorporated

New York, New York

NANCY B. PERETSMAN

E.veauiiv Vice President and Managing Director

Allen & C()m/xm\

New York, New York

MARTIN J. REES

Royal Society Research Professor

Irxstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge

Cambridge, England

JAMES J. SCHIRO

Chief Executive Officer, Zurich Financial Services

Zurich, Switzerland

RONALDO H. SCHMITZ
Frankfurt, Germans

JAMES H. SIMONS

President, Renaissance Technologies Corporation

New York, New York

CHARLES SIMONYI

President and CEO, /ntentionai Software Corporation

Belleifue, Washington

MICHEL L. VAILLAUD
New York, New York

LADISLAUS von HOFFMANN

President, Omicron Investments, Incorporated

Washington, District of Columbia

MARINA V.N. WHITMAN

Professor, Business Administration and Public Policy

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN

President, The World Bank

Washington, District of Columbia

GAVIN WRIGHT

The William Robertson Coe Professor in American Economic History

Stanford University

Stanford, California

BRIAN F WRUBLE

General Partner, Odyssey Partners, L.P.

New York, New York

CHARLES L. BROWN

THEODORE L. CROSS

JOSEPH L. DOOB

SIDNEY D. DRELL

Trustees Emend

WILFRIED GUTH

RALPH E. HANSMANN

HELENE L. KAPLAN

HAMISH MAXWELL

MARTIN E. SEGAL
DONALD B. STRAUS
FRANK E. TAPLIN, Jr.
(deceased May 1 1 , 200})

ADMINISTRATION

PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS
Director

ALLEN 1. ROWE
Associate Director and Treasurer

RACHEL D. GRAY
Associate Director and Secretary of the Corporation

JAMES H. BARBOUR, Jr.
Manager of Administration

LINDA ARNT7ENIUS
Publications Associate

KAMALA BRUSH
Major Gifts Officer

PETER COYNE
Development Officer

LINDA L. GERACI
Development Associate

ROBERTA B. GERNHARDT
Manager of Human Resources

CATHERINE E. GIESBRECHT
Aciministrator, IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

ARLEN K. HASTINGS
Executive Assistant to tlie Director

PAMELA R. HUGHES
Senior Development Officer

ANNE BAXTER HUMES
Institutional Advancement Officer

JULIANNEKMIEC
Member Services Coordinator

MARY J. MAZZA
Comptroller

CAROLINE MOSELEY
Public Affairs Associate

MICHEL REYMOND
Che//Manager, Dining Hail

GEORGIA WHIDDEN
Senior Public Affairs Officer

LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION

MOMOTA GANGULI
Librcman. Mathematics and Natural Sciences

MARCIA TUCKER

Librarian, Hisurrical Studies aiid Social Science

(also Coordinator of /n/(miuition Access for Computing, Te/ecommunications,

and Networking AcJniinisrrcition)

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

MARY JANE HAYES
Administrative Officer, School of Mathematics

LWNNE PETITO
Atiminismuit'c Officer, School of Social Science

MICHELLE SAGE
Adnunistrative Officer, School of Natural Sciences

MARIAN GALLAGHER ZELAZNY
Administrative Officer, School of Historical Studies

COMPUTING, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND NETWORKING ADMINISTRATION

JAMES M. ROBERTS
Computing Manager (Interim)

JONATHAN PEELE
Computer Manager, Information Technology Group

JAMES STEPHENS
Computer Manager, School of Natural Sciences

THOMAS HOWARD UPHILL
Computer Manager, School of Mat/i^m<in'cs

PROFESSOR-AT-LARGE EMERITUS

HARRY WOOLF
(deceased ]antujry 6, 2003)

ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE

JON MAGNUSSEN

PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (1930-2002)

(m order nfserxice)

ABRAHAM FLEXNER • FRANK AYDELOTTE

J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER ■ CARL KAYSEN ■ HARRY WOOLF

MARVIN L. GOLDBERGER ■ PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS

PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY

(current Faculty ami Faculty Emeriti are in bold)

STEPHEN L. ADLER JAMES W. ALEXANDER • ANDREW E. Z. ALFOLDI

MICHAEL E ATIYAH • JOHN N. BAHCALL ARNE K. A. BEURLING

ENRICO BOMBIERI ARMAND BOREL JEAN BOURGAIN

GLEN W. BOWERSOCK CAROLINE WALKER BYNUM

LUIS A. CAFFARELLI HAROLD F CHERNISS • MARSHALL CLAGETT

GILES CONSTABLE PATRICIA CRONE JOSE CUTILEIRO

ROGER F DASHEN PIERRE DELIGNE FREEMAN J. DYSON

EDWARD M. EARLE • ALBERT EINSTEIN ■ JOHN H. ELLIOTT

CLIFFORD GEERTZ FELIX GILBERT JAMES F GILLIAM KURT GODEL

HETTY GOLDMAN OLEG GRABAR CHRISTIAN HABICHT

HARISH-CHANDRA ■ ERNST HERZFELD • ALBERT O. HIRSCHMAN

LARS V. HORMANDER ■ PIET HUT ■ JONATHAN ISRAEL

ERNST H. KANTOROWICZ GEORGE E KENNAN ROBERT P. LANGLANDS

IRVING LAVIN T D. LEE ELIAS A. LOWE ROBERT D. MacPHERSON

JUAN MALDACENA • ERIC S. MASKIN • JACK F MATLOCK, Jr.

MILLARD MEISS • BENJAMIN D. MERITT • JOHN W MILNOR

DAVID MITRANY ■ DEANE MONTGOMERY • MARSTON MORSE

J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER • ABRAHAM PAIS ERWIN PANOFSKY

PETER PARET ■ TULLIO E. REGGE ■ WINFIELD W. RIEFLER

MARSHALL N. ROSENBLUTH • JOAN WALLACH SCOTT ■ NATHAN SEIBERG

ATLE SELBERG KENNETH M. SETTON ■ CARL L. SIEGEL

THOMAS SPENCER • WALTER W STEWART • BENGT G. D. STROMGREN

HOMER A. THOMPSON ■ KIRK VARNEDOE • OSWALD VEBLEN

VLADIMIR VOEVODSKY JOHN von NEUMANN HEINRICH von STADEN

MICHAEL WALZER ROBERT B. WARREN ANDRE WEIL

HERMANN WEYL • MORTON WHITE ■ HASSLER WHITNEY

AVI WIGDERSON ■ FRANK WILCZEK ■ EDWARD WITTEN

ERNEST LLEWELLYN WOODWARD • C. N. YANG ■ SHING-TUNG YAU

here is no doubt in my mind that the
Institute provides conditions for thinking
and writing which are unmatched
anywhere in the world."

-Member, School of Historical Studies

Fuld Hall Library

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN 2002-03
Director

In 1991, when Phillip Gritiiths a^jrecd to be Director o( the Institute, the Board of
Trustees and Faculty knew that the tuture ot the Institute would he in jjood hands, hut we
could not have foreseen the vitality that his leadership would provide. Our 1991 Annu-
al Report described the general climate tor higher education as a "time of questioning and
challenge tor some ot our finest institutions." In addition, the report noted that "many
educational leaders are less confident than they were a decade ago of the ability of insti-
tutions to respond effectively to future needs and to fulfill their missions."

However, within a brief time it was clear that, with Phillip's leadership, the Institute for
Advanced Study would begin a period of deep strengthening. The Schools were respond-
ing to events in the world at large, such as the fall of the Berlin Wall, when the School
of Historical Studies convened an international conference on "German History from the
Perspective of Art Collectors, Donors, and Museums" that brought together leading
scholars from Europe and the United States in history and art history. The conference
was supported by the Frit: Thyssen Stiftung and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Ensuing years brought other international collaborations, including the initiation of the
New Europe Pri:e, created in collaboration with centers of advanced study in the Unit-
ed States and Western Europe. The New Europe Prize was created to assist selected
scholars who had come to our institutes and had returned to their home institutions in
Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

In the spring of 1992, the School of Mathematics' year-long focus on emerging areas of
applied mathematics culminated in a week-long conference on fluid dynamics, support-
ed by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Explorations also began at the intersection of
mathematics and the sciences, where there was the prospect of significant discovery or
insight flow-ing from mathematical applications. After several years of visiting appoint-
ments in theoretical computer .science, the Institute's School of Mathematics established
a Faculty position in this field.

Early steps also addressed Institute infrastructure, and Simonyi Hall, a long-needed home
for the School of Mathematics, and Wolfensohn Hall, a center for lectures and concerts
for the entire Institute, were built. The computing environment was expanded and the
fiber optic cabling network upgraded. These efforts would be followed in later years by
the creation of Crossroads Child Care Center, the renovation of the Library Annex and
construction of the Shelby White and Leon Levy Room, the renovation of our 169-apart-
ment Member housing complex, and the construction of Bloomberg Hall, which joined
two existing buildings to allow the School of Natural Sciences to be housed in one cen-
tral building for the first time in its history.

The creation of Bloomberg Hall is typical of the manner in which actions were taken in
response to academic needs. The Faculty and Director saw that science at the frontier in
particle physics and astrophysics was merging, and to pursue this most effectively it would
be necessary to have scientists from these areas rubbing elbows rather than working in their
own groups in separate buildings. In addition to the physical consolidation of the School,
funds, provided in part by the W.M. Keck Foundation, were necessary to support new

Institute for advanced Study

research work. Bloomberg Hall, plus funds for the frontier science being pursued within its
walls, resulted in a dynamic new environment tor the School.

Distinguished academic leaders Hanna Gray and Henry Rosovsky were invited to chair
Visiting Committees to each of the Schools. Following this process. Trustees Helene
Kaplan and Richard Black co-chaired the Decadal Review. One recommendation that
resulted from the review was for greater flexibility in various areas. Shelby White and
Leon Levy generously responded to Phillip's request to create a fund for new initiatives,
and theoretical biology became a special program with the support of this and other new
funding. Other academic decisions made during this time included the resumption of
economics within the School of Social Science and the creation of a Chair in East Asian
Studies in the School of Historical Studies. Outstanding Faculty appointments were
made in both existing and new areas.

Phillip's concern for the education of future scholars led to the IAS/Park City Mathe-
matics Institute, Prospects in Theoretical Physics, and the Women's Program in Mathe-
matics. In addition, the Artist-in-Residence program was established, and it has been
greatly valued by the current Members and Faculty, as well as the larger community. A
major accomplishment of the Institute was the preservation in a permanent conservation
easement of 589 acres of Institute Woods and farmlands. This legacy, of environmental
and historical importance, will remain in perpetuity.

In January, Phillip will join the Faculty of the School of Mathematics. He is the only
Director other than J. Robert Oppenheimer to be invited by a School to become a Faculty
Member. The Institute will, at that time, have the privilege of welcoming Peter Goddard,
Professor of Tlieoretical Physics in the Department of Applied Mathematics and TTieoret-
ical Physics, University of Cambridge and Master of St. John's College, as the eighth Direc-
tor of the Institute for Advanced Study. We enthusiastically look forward to working with
Peter Goddard and to his future leadership of the Institute. I also extend my appreciation
to Martin Leibowitz, who chaired the Search Committee, and to each of the Faculty and
Trustees who served the Institute in the significant process of selecting the next Director.

Trustees

The Institute is deeply grateful to Nathan Myhrvold, Martin Rees, and Ladislaus von
Hoffmann for their dedicated years of service to the Board of Trustees. We are pleased
that Laszlo will continue to serve as a Trustee Emeritus and look forward to new ways that
Nathan and Martin will be involved with the Institute in the future.

We are pleased to welcome Andrew Strominger, Professor of Physics at Harvard Univer-
sity, as the Academic Trustee for the School of Natural Sciences. A former long-term
Member at the Institute (1982-87), Dr. Strominger was Professor of Physics at the Uni-
versity of California at Santa Barbara (1986 to 1997). A theoretical physicist. Dr. Stro-
minger's research concerns quantum gravity, string theory, and quantum field theory. Dr.
Strominger earned his B.A. at Harvard, his M.A. at the University of California at Berke-
ley, and his Ph.D. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A former Department of
Energy Outstanding Junior Investigator and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, he is a
senior fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows.

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN

The Trustees are also delighted to welcome Shelby White, author, collector, and philan-
thropist, to the Board. She received her B.A. from Mount Holyoke CoUepe and her M.A.
from Columbia University. A member oi the board ot The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
she also ser\es on the Visiting Committee of the Freer and Sackler Galleries and the Har-
vard Museum Visiting Committee. In addition, she sits on the Kiards ot The Mount
Holyoke College Art Museum, The Bard Graduate Center, The Writers Room and The
New York Bt.itanical Garden. Shelby is chair of the White-Levy Program for Archaeolog-
ical Publications. She and her late husband, Leon Levy, have been the sponsors of the
excavations at the ancient Canaanite city of Ashkelon, Israel. These excavations are
directed by Lawrence Stager of Harvard University and have operated continuously for 17
years. Shelby White and the late Leon Levy have also funded work done by Dr. Robert Bal-
lard in the discovery of ancient Phoenician shipwrecks, as well as programs in various areas
at the Institute of Fine Arts, Rockefeller University, and the Institute tor Advanced Study.

Jn Memorican

In the year past, the Institute lost an extraordinary number of leaders beloved by the
Institute.

Harry Woolf served as Director of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1976-87 and
subsequently Professor-at-Large until his passing on January 6, 2003. The Board's resolu-
tion of April 25, 1987, noted, "With high heart and deft hand, Harry Woolf has led the
Institute for Advanced Study steadily forward for over a decade. He has gathered its sepa-
rate parts into a whole, forging a stronger and sounder enterprise. Student and scholar, his-
torian and man of science, he has read the past and anticipated the tuture: he has insured
the Institute's place in time... His insight and energ>', ability and good humor have secured
a great legacy, and in recognition thereof the Board of Trustees herein expresses its deep
appreciation and warm affection." During Harry's time as Director, the Institute's Archives
were established, and the centennial of the birth of Albert Einstein was celebrated with a
major symposium that brought scientists and humanists together. The proceedings were
collected in the volume he edited, Some Strangeness in the Proportion: A Cer\tennial Sympo-
sium to Celebrate the Achievemerxts of Albert Einstein. In addition, A Community of Scholars,
an invaluable work of reference and a record of the Institute's Faculty and Members during
its first fifty years, was published. The Institute is deeply grateful for the leadership Harry
Woolf provided the Institute during his years as Director.

Leon Lev7 served as a Trustee of the Institute for Advanced Study for fifteen years, and
his many contributions were unique. His own intellectual vitality was remarkable, and his
interests wide-ranging, so he found it natural that scholars at the Institute would be dri-
ven by their intellectual curiosity. He contributed to his role as Chair of the Executive
and Finance Committees, Vice Chairman of the Board, and President of the Corporation
all of the remarkable talents and qualities that made him a legendary financier. His busi-
ness acumen, leadership skills, and practical wisdom ensured that the Institute remained
on a sound financial course during a period when the ability to chart that course was pos-
sessed by very few. In his last two years of chairing the Finance Committee, the return
on the Institute's endowment was in the top 1 % of comparable endowments.

Family was extremely important to Leon, and in so many ways, he made us feel as though
the Institute had become a part of his family. His enormous contributions of time and
advice regarding all manner of Institute concerns; his wonderful sense of humor and con-

Institute for advanced study

tagious enthusiasm; his formidable financial intuition; his willingness to take risks and
hold big positions, whether in the financial arena or the academic one: for all of these
gifts that Leon gave so generously, we are most grateful. Leon Levy speculated some years
ago in a letter to Phillip Griffiths, "If I have been a very good fellow in this incarnation,
perhaps 1 will be fortunate enough to come back as a scholar in the next." The Institute
for Advanced Study expresses its profound appreciation for the life of Leon Levy, for his
wise influence and guidance, and for the pride and pleasure we found in his friendship.

The Institute also lost a treasured friend, Frank E. Taplin, Jr., Trustee and Trustee Emer-
itus for more than thirty years. Frank passed away on May 1 1, 2003. Articulate on behalf
of the Institute's mission, Frank Taplin believed strongly in the Institute's role in the
creation of new knowledge and in the mentoring of young scholars and scientists. With
his wife, Peggy, he endowed two Memberships in the School of Natural Sciences. A man
who always led by example, Mr. Taplin inspired support over the years for various Insti-
tute initiatives, including the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute and the Artist-in-
Residence program, at critical points for these programs.

In 1997, Frank's personal leadership was vital in seeding the Institute's efforts to preserve
589 acres of Institute Woods and contiguous farm fields, a key ecological link in a net-
work of open space between New York City and Philadelphia. Frank's vision encom-
passed the environment, music, education, and human rights, and he was driven by a
love of music, poetry, language and learning. We shall always cherish Frank's personal
curiosity, great intelligence, and richness ot spirit.

Patricia H. Labalme served the Institute in many capacities including Associate Director
(1982-88), Secretary of the Corporation (1982-92), and Assistant to the Director (1992-7).
But these formal titles describe only some of her many contributions to our intellectual
and financial well-being. Patsy collected oral histories and consulted about projects with
faculty in the Schools of Historical Studies and Social Science. In the early days she
helped write grant proposals, and later, as a trustee of the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foun-
dation, she generously supported many of our efforts by funding memberships and con-
ferences. Her deep commitment to humanistic learning was evident in the kinds of work
she chose to support as well as in her own scholarship. Patsy's love of the Renaissance
brought her into contact with the medievalist and early modern historians at the Insti-
tute. She was the author of Bernardo Giustiniani: A Venetian of the Quattrocento (1969)
and editor of a collection of essays. Beyond their Sex: Learned Women of the European Past
(1980). At her death she was working on a book on the Venetian diarist, Marin Sanudo.
Patsy's remarkable commitment to the Institute, her intelligence, and her friendship will
be treasured always by Trustees, Faculty, and Members alike.

In kx)king to the future, I am pleased to announce that at our .spring Board meeting, Richard
B. Black was elected as Vice Chair of the Board, joining Martin L. Leibowitz in that oftice,
and Charles Simonyi was elected to the position of President of the Corporation.

With the leadership that has preceded and the plans in place for the future, I have great
faith that the Institute will continue to be an incomparable incubator for young scholars
and the most distinctive intellectual reservoir for pure knowledge.

James D. Wolfen.sohn

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 2002-03

It is with a profound sense of gratitude and fulfillment that I write my final report as
Director of the Institute for Advanced Study. It has been a privilege and a pleasure to
serve at the helm of this marvelous institution for the past twelve and a half years, and I
owe a deep debt of gratitude to so many of you - Faculty and trustees, Members and visi-
tors, staff, professional colleagues, donors and friends - who have helped make my tenure
as Director the experience o( a lifetime.

Three quarters of a century after it was established, the Institute remains true to the course
set by our founding Director, Abraham Flexner, to create a "free society of scholars - free,
because mature persons, animated by intellectual purposes, must be left to pursue their own
ends in their own ways." While institutions everywhere have struggled in recent years to
define or adjust their missions, our own institution remains steadfast in its commitment to
support the most advanced level of scholarship. Nor have we wavered from our education-
al mission, for we share the conviction of our founder and his successors in this office that
the true scholar has dual objectives: to discover new knowledge, and to act as a mentor and
model for the next generation of scholars. The Institute is dedicated to creating the most
fertile learning environment for our visiting Members.

A multitude of research institutions now exist, many of them deliberate copies of our own
Institute for Advanced Study. But ours remains distinctive in breadth, organization, mix
of permanent faculty and Members, and especially in its unique culture. Its resource base
is significant, its excellence unparalleled. George Kennan's observation is as apt now as
it was when he wrote these words many years ago: "... I have no hesitation in suggesting
that there has been no other place in the world from which, scholar for scholar and
square foot for square foot, more and finer scholarship has emerged over these past 40
years than from these surrounding walls."

During my time as Director, new fields have emerged here at the Institute, both fields that
are truly "new," and fields that are new to the Institute, and in which we have decided
the Institute can make a contribution.

One such field is East Asian Studies, and I am very pleased to announce the appointment
of Nicola Di Cosmo to the faculty of the School of Historical Studies, effective July 1, 2003,
as the first Luce Foundation Professor of East Asian Studies. Professor Di Cosmo is a spe-
cialist in the relationship between China and its northern neighbors, the nomads of the
Inner Asian steppes. Prior to coming to the Institute, Professor DiCosmo taught at the
University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand; Harvard University; and Indiana
University. He was a research fellow at Cambridge University from 1989 to 1992.

Professor Di Cosmo earned his B.A. (Laurea) in Chinese Studies from the University of
Venice (1982), and received his Ph.D. in Inner Asian History from Indiana University
(I99I). He was a visiting Member in the School of Historical Studies in the spring
semester, 1999. The author of two books. Professor Di Cosmo has served as co-author,
editor, or co-editor of five additional books, and has also written numerous articles and
book chapters. He is on the advisory or editorial boards of the Journal of East Asian
Archaeology, Asia Major, and Inner Asia, and is currently working on books to be titled,

Institute for advanced study

"A Military History of the Manchu Conquest of China" and "The Mongol Empire in
World History'."

The Institute community has been deeply saddened by the deaths of two Faculty mem-
bers this year.

Armand Borel, an internationally recognized mathematician whose work was fundamen-
tal to the development and formation of modem mathematics, died on August 1 1 , at the
age of 80. He was a Professor Emeritus in the School of Mathematics, where he had been
a member of the Faculty since 1957.

In 1991, Professor Borel received the American Mathematical Society's Steele Prize for
lifelong contributions to mathematics. The award citation noted that Professor Borel's
work "provided the empirical base for a great swath of modem mathematics, and his
observations pointed out the structures and mechanisms that became central concerns of
mathematical activity. In the course of amassing these astounding achievements," the
award citation continued, "he placed the facilities of the Institute for Advanced Study at
the service of mathematics and mathematicians, using them to foster talent, share his
ideas, and facilitate access to recent developments through seminars and lectures. It is
just simply not possible to cite a career more accomplished or fruitful or one more mean-
ingful to the contemporary mathematical community."

A 1993 article in the Notices of the American Mathematical Society noted that Borel "has
played an eminent role as stimulator and propagator of new ideas in the international
mathematical community. In particular, he has repeatedly initiated and participated in
seminars and summer programs where important new techniques and results were
brought forth." Most recently, Armand Borel was the main organizer of the multi-year
Summer Program at the Center of Mathematical Science at Zhejiang University, Hong
Kong. Professor Borel spent four months in each of three academic years, from 1999-
2001, at Zhejiang University in order to set up the program.

In these pages last year, 1 had the pleasure of announcing the January 2002 appointment
of the art historian Kirk Vamedoe to the Faculty of the School of Historical Studies. We
welcomed Kirk wholeheartedly to the Institute community, and it is with great sadness
that I must now write that Kirk died on August 14, 2003, at the age of 57, after a long
and valiant battle with cancer. We will miss his presence here very much. During his
all-too-brief time at the Institute, Kirk focused much of his remarkable energy on lectur-
ing widely, both in this country and abroad, on teaching, and on writing the fifty-second
annual 2003 A.W Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, which he delivered this spring, to
overflow crowds, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. He titled the series
"Pictures of Nothing: Abstract Art since Pollock." The first lecture, "Why Abstract
Art?," was followed by "Survivals and Fresh Starts," "Minimalism," "After Minimalism,"
"Satire, Irony, and Abstract Art," and "Abstract Art Now." As is traditional with the
Mellon lectures, they will be published as a book.

The National Science Foundation has awarded the Institute tor Ad\'anced Study's
School of Mathematics a $9 million grant, effective over a six-year period, to support the
School's work as a mathematical center that integrates education with re.search. The
School of Mathematics was the first of the world's continuously active mathematical

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

institutes, and other early mathematical institutes, such as the Institute des Hautes
Etudes Scientifiques in Paris and the Max-Plank-lnstitut fiir Mathematik in Bonn, took
the Institute tor Advanced Study as their model. For the past seventy years, the School
of Mathematics has oi^ered mathematical scholars research opportunities characterized
by a rich mathematical environment with interesting new ideas and problems; a broad
perspective that enc<impasses both pure and applied mathematics; excellent academic
facilities; and minimal distractions, which permit scholars the concentration needed to
develop a new approach, find new connections, or tackle a large problem.

We welcomed former Members to the Institute campus on April 4 and 5 tor the AMIAS
Biennial Conference. Four lectures were given in Woltensohn Hall: "A Journey in the
World oi Difterential Equations," by Jean Bourgain, Professor in the School of Mathe-
matics; "Human Dissection and Vivisection: Science, Religion, and Politics in Ancient
Greece," by Heinrich von Staden, Professor in the School of Mathematics; "Einstein's
Legacy: A Quarter Century of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein," by Diana Kor-
mos-Buchwald, Associate Professor, Caltech, General Editor and Director, Einstein
Papers Project (Member, School of Social Science, 1992-93); and "The Human Genome
Project: Where Do We Go from Here?" by Arnold Levine, Visiting Professor in the
School of Natural Sciences.

The School of Natural Sciences' "Prospects in Theoretical Physics" program completed
its second year, and drew over 100 young physicists to the Institute campus from June 30-
July 11 for a program titled "Cosmology, Particles, and Strings." Designed for advanced
graduate students in physics and astrophysics, the program encourages the participation
of women, minorities, and students from institutions with smaller programs in astro-
physics and particle physics.

T^e School of Social Science completed its second year of a three-year focus on ethical
issues, with discussion this year centered on the topic of corruption and its opposites:
civic virtue, public responsibility, and bureaucratic rationality. Scholars from three dis-
ciplines - economics, political science, and anthropology - came together to examine a
variet>' of questions from very different perspectives.

The Institute for Advanced Study has sponsored the IAS/Park City Mathematics Insti-
tute (PCMI) since 1994. PCMl is an integrated mathematics program that includes par-
ticipation by, and interaction among, six difterent groups: research mathematicians,
graduate students, undergraduate students, mathematics education researchers, under-
graduate faculty, and high school teachers. The interaction among these diverse groups
fosters a stronger sense of the mathematical enterprise as a whole, and raises awareness of
the roles of professionals with varying responsibilities in mathematics-based professions.
PCMl's flagship activity is its annual three-week Summer Session, attended this year by
260 participants and held June 29-July 19 in Park City, Utah. Additional programs take
place throughout the year and include the year-long High School Teacher Program and
the Lecture Publication Series.

During his five years as Head of the Institute for Advanced Study's Program in Theoret-
ical Biology, from its inception in 1998 through the end of the 2003 academic year,
Martin Nowak focused its research work on various aspects of mathematical biology. In
July 2003, Dr. Nowak took up a new post at Harvard University as Professor of Mathe-

Institute for advanced study

matics and of Biology', and founding Director of Harvard's new Institute for Theoretical
Biology. During Arnold Levine's first year as Visiting Professor in the School of Natural
Sciences and the Program in TTieoretical Biology, he worked with a group whose research
interests include genetics and genomics, polymorphisms and molecular aspects of evolu-
tion, signal transduction pathways and networks, stress responses and pharmacogenomics
in cancer biology. Professor Levine initiated a series of regular meetings - consisting of
presentations and discussion - for people interested in research in biology; fourteen were
held during this past year in Bloomberg Hall. In addition, nine talks were presented dur-
ing a special biology group meeting on December 9, 2002.

This year marked the 10th Anniversary of the Program for Women in Mathematics at the
Institute for Advanced Study. The Program, whose research focus this year was mathe-
matical biology, was held on the Institute campus from May 12-22. Sponsored by the
Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University, the program brings women
students in contact with postdoctoral scholars and active professional mathematicians, and
encourages women to further their mathematics education by offering deep mathematical
content as well as extensive mentoring opportunities. To celebrate the 10th Anniversary,
all past participants were invited to the Institute May 16-18, for a weekend of talks,
research poster sessions, panels and social activities. Over the past ten years, hundreds of
young women have participated in the program and gone on to successful and rewarding
careers in mathematics. The field has been greatly enriched by their presence.

I am very pleased to announce that our Artist-in-Residence, composer Jon Magnussen,
has been appointed to a new four-year term that will extend through the academic year
2006-07. A composer of music for the concert hall, drama, and dance, Magnussen also
organizes the Institute's annual concert series and all related lectures and workshops. The
tenth concert season included eleven performances in Wolfensohn Hall, including pro-
grams by vocal ensemble Fuma Sacra; fortepianist Malcolm Bilson, baritone Santord Syl-
van; and guitarist Antigoni Goni. Jon Magnussen presented two events in the "Talking
About New Music" series in addition to pre-concert talks before each of the four concert
programs. In progress, among other projects, is an American Ballet Theatre-commis-
sioned orchestration of chamber works by Ernest Chausson (1855-99) for choreographer
Robert Hill's new ballet ba.sed on Oscar Wilde's novel. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Mag-
nussen will conduct the ABT orchestra when the work premieres on October 30, 2004,
at New York City's City Center.

Thirteen/WNET New York's Big Ideas, the four-part public television series about some of
the work that takes place at the Institute, featured several of our Faculty and Members in
conversation with moderator Ira Flatow. The programs, titled "Exploring the Cosmos,"
"Einstein's Dream," "A New History of the World," and "Thinking Big," premiered in the
New York/New Jersey/Connecticut area in April. The series was shown in over 45 markets
across the country, with estimated audiences of over 450,000 individuals for each program.
Thirteen maintains a Big Ideas website at www.Thirteen.org/bigideas . and videocassettes of
the series are available. Big Ideas was made possible by the support of the Horace W Gold-
smith Foundation, Strachan and Vivian Donnelley, the Ambrose Monell Foundation, and
Rosalind P. Walter. The Institute is deeply grateful to Trustee Robert B. Menschel, with-
out whom Big Ideas would not have been possible, and expresses special thanks to Trustee
Emeritus Ralph Hansmann for his support and encouragement of this project.

REPORT OF THE PIRECTOR

One ot the great joys of my twelve years and a halt as Director has been the opportuiiity
to meet and learn from our very diverse group of Members and Visitors, the individuals
who make the Institute such a rich and vibrant community. JudginK by their enthusias-
tic year-end reports, what they take away from their experience here is every bit as valu-
able as what they leave behind. The Institute is shaped by their intellectual legacies,
through remembered seminars and conversations, articles and books, that influence and
inspire Faculty and fellow Members and are passed on to those who come after.

I personally have enjoyed an incomparable opportunity to interact substantively with col-
leagues on intellectual issues. And thanks to the richness and warmth ot the extended
Institute community, Taff^' and 1 have been privileged to have a welcoming and supportive
home. 1 Uxik forward to a new role at the Institute as a member of the Faculty in the
School of Mathematics, and to immersing myselt more deeply in some interesting mathe-
matical projects I've undertaken in recent months. I also will continue to be involved in
efforts to build and strengthen the scientific communities ot developing countries through
the Millennium Science Initiative, and will be working on special projects tor The Andrew
W. Mellon Foundation.

I am proud to be handing over to my successor, Peter Goddard, the helm of a thriving
institution. As the Institute moves through the uncharted waters of a new century, I am
confident that under Peter's leadership it will continue to prosper by heeding the
original Flexner vision - and by making the judicious course changes that will enable the
Institute to continue to support and nurture this unique community of scholars.

Phillip A. Griffiths
Director

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
RECORD OF EVENTS

The following is a calendar of events sponsored by the Office of the Director

Academic Year 2002-Oi

Septemher 26
Member Family Barbecue

Ocriiber 1

Playreading

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman

October 2

Talk sponsored by the School of Historical

Studies

"Pope Pius Xll and the Holocaust"

ROBERT WISTRICH, Hebrew Unwersky.

Jerusalem

October ^^

Talking About New Music

"Words and Music"

JON MAGNUSSEN, Artist-m-Residence .

Institute for Advanced Study, STEVEN

STUCKY, composer, and ANDREW

MEGILL, Fuma Sacra Arrisric Director

October 9. n. and 13
Institute Concert Series
Pierre Certon La, la, laje ne lose dire; Giraut
de Bomelh Reis f^lorios; Josquin Desprez Mille
regret;; Orlando di Lasso Bon jour, mon coeur;
GuiUaume Dufay Vergene hella; Giovanni
Giacomo Gastoldi Tuta, venite armati; Pietro
Antonio Giramo Festa, riso; Robert Heppener
Cann camascialeschi ( 1966) (excerpts); Jon
Magnussen Occhi dolenti (2002); Cipriano de
Rore Mia henigna fortuna; Claudio Monteverdi
Zefiro toma e'l hel tempo rimena; Pierre
Passereau II est hel et fcon; Steven Stucky
Cradle Songs (1996); and Augusta Read
Thomas Lofe Songs ( 1997) (excerpts)
FUMA SACRA, i-ocaf ensemble

October IH
Institute Film Series
T/ie Navigator (1988)

October 20

Friends Fireside Chat

"It's Never Too Late"

ANNE MARTINDELL, jonner Ambassador to

New Zealand

October 30

Friends Forum

"Holy War Before Globalization:

The Pre-Modem Doctrine of Jihad"

PATRICIA CRONE, Professor, School of

Historical Sti«lies

November 1

Talking About New Music

"Four Psalms"

JOHN HARBISON, composer and bmnute

Professor, Mossocliiisetts Institute of Technology

No\i.Miibcr 5
Playreading
Serious Money by Caryl Churchill

November 6

Institute Lecture

"The Missing Sentence: The Visual Arts and

the Social Sciences in Mid-19th-Centurv

Pans"

WOLF LEPENIES, Visitor. School of Social

Science

NuvcmbLT 13

Friends Forum

"Chance in Physics and Mathematics from

the Botanist Brown to Financial Markets"

STEPHEN ADLER, Professor. School of

Natural Sciences

NdwnilxT 1 S
Institute Film Series
RoGoPaG (1962)

November 20, 22, and 24
Institute Concert Series
Ludwig van Beethoven Sonata in E-flat Major,
Opus 7 ( 1 796) and Seven Bagatelles, Opus 53
(1802) and Franz Schubert Sonata in F -sharp
Minor, D. 571 (1817) and Impromptu in F
Minor, D. 935, Opus 142, No. 1 (1828)
MALCOLM BILSON, /ortepiano

Institute Film Series
LaViedeBo/ieme(1992)

RECORD OF EVENTS 2002-03

NovomK-r 1 1

Institute Concert Series

Concert Lecture

"How To Read Urtext Editions And What,

If Anything, Do Instruments Have To Do

With It?"

MALCOLM BILSON, Frederick;. Whiton

Charr of Music, Cornell University

November 26
Institute Film Series
Saint Clara (] 996)

L\"cembcr 3
Playreading
Other People's Mone\ hy Jerry Sterner

December 4
Faculty/Colleague Dinner

December 8

Holiday Reception for Friends and Faculty

LVccmbcr 1 1
Institute Film Series
Three Penny Opera (193 J)

December 12

Children's Holiday Celebration

THE GIVE & TAKE JUGGLERS

January' 7

Playreading

AU My Sons by Arthur Miller

January' 10

Memorial service and reception for former

Institute Director Dr. Harry Woolf

January 17
Institute Film Series
Daughters of the Dust ( 199 1 )

January 22

Institute Lecture

"Three Easy Pieces: Examples of Chaos in the

Solar System"

PETER GOLDREICH, Visiring Professor.

School of hiaairal Sciences

January 28
Institute Film Series
Blue Kite (1993)

January- 30

AMIAS Lecture

"Project Orion"

FREEMAN DYSON, Professor Emeritus, School

of Natural Sciences and GEORGE DYSON,

Director's Visitor

Febriiar\' 3

Special Faculty Lecture

"Van Gogh's Postman: The Portraits of Joseph

Roulin"

KIRK VARNEDOE. Pro/«sor,

School of Historical Studies

FolHu.iry 4

Playreading

Professional Skepticism hy James Rasheed

Fcbriuin "i
Institute Film Series
The Golden Coach (1952)

February 12

Institute Concert Series

Gabriel Faur6 Cimj melodies "de Venise"; Hugo

Wolf Three Songs on Texts of Michelangelo and

Poems o/Monke; Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

selected songs; and Jon Magnussen Psalm 21

SANFORD SYLVAN, hantonc and

DAVID BREITMAN, piano

February 13

Dinner for new Friends of the Institute

Institute Concert Series

Concert Discussion

JON MAGNUSSEN, Artist-m-Residence,

Institute for Advanced Study, SANFORD

SYLVAN, bantone, and DAVID BREITMAN,

piano

February 14

Institute Concert Series

Franz Schubert Die Winterreise, Opus 89

SCOTT MCCOY, tenor and

DAVID BREITMAN, piano

February' 19

Friends Forum

"The Incumbent Protection Act of 2002:

Politics Under the New Campaign Finance

Law"

W. MICHAEL JOHNSTON, Member,

School of Social Science

February' 20
Institute Film Series
LaChienn€(J93l)

February 22
Midwinter Party

Febniar\' 24

Lecture Series in Biology: "Science, Anxiety,

and Meaning: Biomedicine Encounters Ethics

and Public Policy"

HAROLD T. SHAPIRO. Pnnceton L'mtersit^

Institute for advanced study

February' 26

Institute Lecture

"The Nanjing Massacre and Chinese

Historical Memory"

JOSHUA FOGEL, Two-Year Mellon Visiting

Professor, School of Historical Studies

March 2

Event for prospective Friends

"Grand Pursuit: In Search of 20th Century

Economic Thinkers"

SYLVIA NASAK, Director's Visitor

March 4

Playreading

Old Money by Wendy Wasserstein

March 5

Institute Film Series

Wedding in Gafike (1987)

March 6

AMIAS Lecture

"Von Neumann's Universe: 1903-2003"

GEORGE DYSON

March 1 1

Dinner for members of the Director's and

Chairman's Circles

"Issues Museums Face Today"

ROBERT ANDERSON, Member, School of

Historical Studies

March 16

Institute Trip

Museum of Modem Art

March 26, 28, and 30
Institute Concert Series
Leo Brouwer El Decameron Negro;
Agustin Barrios-Mangore Three Pieces;
Joaquin Rodrigo Invocacion y danza\ Sergio
Assad Three Greek Letters; Federico Mompou
Suite Compostelana; and Alberto Ginastera
Sonata, Opus 47
ANTIGONIGONLgKitar

March 27

Institute Concert Series

Concert Discussion

JON MAGNUSSEN, Anisi-in-Residence,

Institute for Advanced Study and ANTIGONI

GONl, guitar

April 4

AMIAS Conference

Institute Lectute

"A Journey in the World of Differential

Equations"

JEAN BOURGAIN, Professor, School of

Mathematics

Thirteen/WNET New York "BIG IDEAS"
Showing: Episode One "Exploring the
Cosmos." Is there life on other planets?
Will humans colonize Mars? What happens
when a large star runs out of fuel?

April 5

AMIAS Conference

"Human Dissection and Vivisection: Science,

Religion, and Politics in Ancient Greece"

HEINRICH VON STADEN, Professor.

School uf Historical Sttniies

"Einstein's Legacy: A Quarter Century of The

Collected Papers ot Albert Einstein"

DIANA KORMOS-BUCHWALD, Associate

Professor, California Institute of Technology:

Genera/ Editor and Director, Einstein Papers

Project; Member, School of Social Science.

1992-93

"The Human Genome Project: Where Do We

Go from Here?"

ARNOLD LEVINE, Visiring Professor,

School of Natural Sciences

April 8

Playreading

Mrs. Warren's Profession by George Bernard

Shaw

April 1 3

Friends Fireside Chat

"A Career in Human Genetics"

LEON E. ROSENBERG, M.D.

.^Lpril 14

Thirteen/WNET New York "BIG IDEAS"

Showing: Episode Two "Einstein's Dream."

Einstein spent his last 30 years searching for a

unified theory to explain the universe, but

didn't succeed. Has one been found in string

theory?

Apnl 19

Children's Easter Egg Hunt

April 2 3
Faculty/Colleague Dinner

RECORD OF EVENTS 2002-03

April 26

Institute Trip

American Museum ot N.uur.il Histury

April 28

Thirteen/WNET New York "BIG IDEAS"
Showing: Episode Three "A New History of
the World." Is there such a thing as a just
war.' Is terrorism ever morally acceptable?
Can ancient art change our current view
of history?

May :

Institute Lecture

"War and Moral Judgment"

MICHAEL WALZER, Professur.

School of Social Science

May 3

Institute Trip

Lim6n Dance Company, New York, N.Y.

May 5

Thirteen/WNET Now York "Blti IDEAS"
Showing: Episode Four "Thinking Big."
From diamond-toothed, garhage-eating turtles
to the origins of language to Balinese
cixkfights, listen to great minds talk about
their big ideas.

May 6
Playreading
Loot by Joe Orton

May 28

Friends Annual Meeting and Picnic

July 9

Institute Trip

Museum of Modern Art

he Institute has provided the ideal
environment for nurturing my project,
for it is a place rich both in scholarly
resources arui in intellectual support and cavaaraderie .
M)/ Membership has been invaluable, and
I thank you from the heart for giving me the
opportunity to live and work here."

— Member, School of Historical Studies

The terrace at the hack o/ Fuld Hall, looking towards the pond and the Institute Woods

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Institute tor Advanced Study expresses deep appreciation
for all gifts and grants to its endowment and capital funds, for annual
operating support, and for in-kind contributions in fiscal year 2003.

MAJOR DONORS

American Council ot Learned Societies

AMIAS (AssiKiation of Members of the Institute for Advanced Study)

Anonymous

John P. Birkelund

Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Inc.

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Helen and Martin Chooljian

Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Foundation

The Concordia Foundation

Theodore L. and Mary Cross

Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation

Deutsche Bank AG

George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles Foundation

Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study

The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation

Doris M. and Ralph E. Hansmann

Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Jaffin

J. Seward Johnson, Sr. Charitable Trusts

Helene L. Kaplan

Mr. and Mrs. Immanuel Kohn

Martin L. Leibowit:

Nancy and Duncan MacMillan

David F. Marquardt

Hamish Maxwell

TTie Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Robert B. Menschel

Mrs. F. Merle-Smith

The Ambrose Monell Foundation

J.R Morgan &. Co. Inc.*

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Endowment for the Humanities

National Science Foundation

State of New Jersey

Novartis International AG

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation

Martin E. Segal

The Simons Foundation

Space Telescope Science Institute

The Starr Foundation

United States Department of Energy

^Matching gift to an individual contribution

Institute for advanced study

Mr. and Mrs. James D. Wolfensohn

Wolfensohn Family Foundation

Brian F. Wruhle

EINSTEIN LEGACY SOCIETY

The Einstein Legacy Society, which honors those who support the Institute

through a trust or estate plan, expresses its gratitude

to Phillip and Marian Griffiths

BEQUESTS

Estate of Philip and Franciszka Merlan

Estate of Ruth Kidder Rubenstein

Estate of Lowell J. Schoenfeld

A C K N O W L E nc. M E N T S

FRIENDS OF THE INSTITUTE

CHAIRMAN'S CIRCLE

Mr. :md Mrs. Charles L. Brown

Helen and Martin Chtxiljian

Donna and Morton Collins

Mar>' and Tom E\slin

Toby and Carl Feinberg

Sally and Jim Hill

Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin

Nancy and Duncan MacMillan

Elena and Giorgio Petronio

Cindy and John Reed

Louise and John Steffens

DIRECTOR'S CIRCLE

Penny and Bill Bardel

Mr. and Mrs. James E. Burke

Barbara Chancellor

Melanie and John Clarke

Mr. and Mrs. William Greenberg

Mr. and Mrs. Ward S. Hagan

Mr. and Mrs. George H. Heilbom

Lynn and Bob Johnston

Ann and John McGoldrick

John Rassweiler

Michael P Schulhof

Kit and Arnie Snider

Susan and Donald Wilson

Joyce and Georg Albers-Schonberg

Joyce and Philip Anderson

Rohen Aresty

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel T. Arnold, Jr.

Elizabeth and Peter Baughan

Leonard E. Baum

Mr. and Mrs. B. Richard Benioff

Phoebe and Charles Biddle

Lynn and Peter Bienstock

Susan Bombieri

Eric Braverman

John F. Brinster

Addie and Harold Broitman

Mar>' A. Bundy

Mrs. John J. Bums and Lisa Burns

Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Burt

BENEFACTORS

Betty Wold Johnson and Douglas F. Bushnel
Mr. and Mrs. Robert O. Can-
Edward T Cone
Judith Brodsky and Michael Curtis
Lydia de Botton-Edrei
Micaela de LigneroUes
Rysia de Ravel
Katherine and Robert Del Tufo
Elena V. Alexeeva and Pierre R. Deligne
Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Dennison
Judi and Sam deTuro
Marlene and Aiden Doyle
Mr. and Mrs. K. Philip Dresdner
Jack Ellis
Liz and Jon Erickson
Elizabeth S. Ettinghausen

(Nathaniel Bun deceased ]uly 1 , 2003}
(Jacquelin Foundation Fund at PACE)

Wendy and Larry Evans
Lynne and Robert Eagles

Institute for advanced study

H. Dana Fearon III

Dr. and Mrs. Jerome K. Freedman

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Gallagher

Diana Garrett

Linda and Steve Gecha

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Geddes

Mrs. Walter F. Gips, Jr.

(Gips Fund of the Princeton Area Community

Foundation)

Rachel and Charles Gray

Mr. and Mrs. Alan R. Griffith

Suzanne Keller and Charles Haar

Lisa and Richard Hagerty

Mr. cind Mrs. Harleston J. Hall, Jr.

Joan and Jack Hall

Robert F. Hendrickson

Drs. Frances and Simeon Hutner

Janina M. Issawi

Jacqueline and James H. Johnson

Jeanne Perantoni and Bruce Jordan

Florence and Steven Kahn

Arianne and Allen Kassof

Elizabeth F. and Walter Kauzmann

Mary P. Keating

Nora and Jack Kerr

Yong Hui Kim

Helen Burke and Allan King

Shirley Kobak

Gail Kohn

Mr. and Mrs. Immanuel Kohn

Dr. Arthur and Evelyn Krosnick

Helene and Russell Kulsrud

George Labalme, Jr.

Louisa G. Lambert

Karen C. Hegener and Samuel W Lambert III

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Lawson-Johnston

Mr. and Mrs. William T. Lifland

Nancy and Pablo Lorenzo

Sharon and Frank Lorenzo

P. J. Lucchesi

James Lynch

Pamela and Roland Machold

Melinda and James MacKenzie

Jane L. and Robert S. MacLennan

Emily Rose and James H. Marrow

James F Mathis

Professor and Mrs. James R. McCredie

Charles W McCutchen

Harriette and John McLoughlin

Jackie and Cy Meisel

Susan Merians

Mrs. F. Merle-Smith

Barbara F Graham and Theodore S. Meth

Linda and Ned Morgens

Ann and Craig Muhlhauser

Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Myers

Etsuko Nakajima

Mary Peterson O'Leary

Caroline and John Pallat

Mrs. Robert R. Palmer

Jean and Larry Parsons

Fayne and Sam Petok

Jacquie and Woody Phares

George Pitcher

Ann and Conrad Plimpton

Dorothy and Charles Plohn, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard G. Poole

Melanie and Michael Rauch

Frances F and Eric H. Reichl

Millard M. Riggs, Jr.

Laura and William Riley

Rebecca and Christopher Roberts

Harriet and David Robertson

Karen and Lary Robins

Diane D. and Leon E. Rosenburg

Miriam O. Rosengarten

William M. Roth

Mr. and Mrs. Allen I. Rowe

Nancy and James Russell

Ingrid and Bernard Saint-Donat

Carolyn and George Sanderson

Andrew J. Schatkin

Dr. William H. Scheide

Alice and David Sengstack

Pamela Aarons and Saul Skoler

Margaret and Robert Slighton

Roberta and Fred Slivon

David Smith

Marjorie and David Smith

Marjtirie R. and Stanley C. Smoyer

Margaret R. Spanel

Joshua L. Steiner

Fritz Stem

Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Taplin, Jr.

(Frank E. Taplin, ]r. deceased May 1 1 , 2003)

Harry J. and Alice A. Tashjian

Penny and Ted Thomas

Judith and John Thomson

Kathrin Poole and Howard Tomlinson

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin B. Tregoe

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mr. .uui Mrs. Jesse I. Treii Caroline S. and F. Helmut Weymar

Gail and Richard UUman Laura and Roscoe White

James R. Utaski Mr. and Mrs. Jnhn J. Wise

Harriet and Jay Vawter Alice Y. Yi and Peter 1. Yi, M.D.

Dr. and Mrs. Fong Wei
Renee and Theixlore Weiss
(Theodore Weiss deceased April 15, 2003)

Institute for advanced study

AMIAS
(ASSOCIATION OF MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY)

William Abikoff

Alan Adolphson

Susan Ames

Anonymous

James G. Arthur

Bulent Atalay

Giles Auchmury

Fernande Auslander*

(In memory of Louis Auslander)

Claude Bardos

Christopher Baswell

Felice and Paul Bateman*

Steve Batterson

Greg Bayer

Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak

Anna S. Benjamin

Paul Berg

Sandra Bermann

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Bernard

Henry and Leigh Bienen

David Bjelajac

John Boler

Armand Borel

(deceased August 1 1 , 2003)

Philippe Borgeaud

John David Breit and Fanette Pollack*

Ward Briggs

Susan Brison

John B. Bronzan

Joseph E. Brown

Virginia Brown

Nicholas Buchdahl

Glenn Richard Bugh

Claude Calame

James C. Cantrell

Vicki Caron

John Whiteclay Chambers II

Heng Huat Chan

Hoi Fung Chau

Anne L. Clark

Ed Cline and Holly Van Auken*

Kevin and Jacquelyn Clinton

Getzel M. Cohen

Richard M. Cohn

Owen Connelly

Maria and Bruno Ct)ppi

Mr. and Mrs. Dario A. Covi

Vincent F. Cowling

Charles W Curtis

John W. Dawson, Jr.

Lydia de Botton-Edrei

(In memory of Professor Albert Edrei)

Percy Deift

Jacob C. E. Dekker

Kequan Ding and Xiaomei Liu

Walter Dittrich

Willis Doney

J. L. Doob

Robert S. Doran

Ronald G. Douglas

Susan B. Downey

Pierre and Julia Du Prey

Lester E. Dubins

Mary Maples Dunn and Richard S. Dunn

Loyal Durand

William Duren

Clifford J. Earle

Bruce S. Eastwood*

Paul E. Ehrlich
Dale F. Eickelman

Carole K. Fink

Thomas R. Flynn

Gerald B. FoUand

Uene Forsyth

Dan Freed and Sonia Paban

John Freed

Karl Galinsky

Dr. and Mrs. Reinhold W Gebert

Ross Geoghegan

Murray Gerstenhaber

Charles C. Gillispie

Leslie C. and June Glaser

George Glauberman

James Glazebrook

Daniel and Ryoko Goldston

Andrew P. Gould

John C. Greene

Michel Gros

Erich Gruen

Mauro F. Guillen

Robert Gutman

Mary-Elizabeth Hamstrom

* Major donor to AMIAS

ACKNOWLEnOMENTS

Michele Hannoush

Bert Hansen

Jane Hathaway

Lily Harish-(."handra*

D. C. HcK,i;ie

Henry Helson

Ginette and Leon Henkin

Robert C. Howell

Michel Huglo

J. E. Humphreys

Spyros E. lakovidis

Richard L. Ingraham

Ron and Gail Irving

Walter A. Jackson

Howard Jacohson

James J. John

Aravind K. Joshi

OUi K. Jussila

Goro Kato
Michael B. Kat:
Takahiro Kawai
Akio Kawauchi
E. S. and M. H. Kennedy
Toichiro Kinoshita
Helmut Klingen
Marvin I. Knopp

Dorothy Ko
Milton R. Konvitz

A. A. Kosinski

Masatake Kuranishi

John Kwan

Henry and Julie Landau

(In memory of Harry Woolf)

William E. Lang*

Charlotte and Robert Langlands

Richard Lashof

Anatoly Libgober

Hans Wolfgang Lieb

David and Marcia Lieberman

Joram Lindenstrauss

Juan J. Lin:

Ming-Chit Liu

Stuart R Lloyd

J.J. Loeffel

Michael Maas

Pierre A. MacKay

Bob MacPherson

Gregory Maertz

Harold Mah

Andrew Markoe

Fouad J. Ma.srieh

Michael P. Mezzatesta

Erika and Ernest Michael*

Henry and Judith Millon

Vernon Hyde Minor

Maria Teresa Marabini Moevs

Lloyd and Dorothy MiKite

Carlos J. Moreno

John Morgan

David R. Morrison

Serge Moscovici

Paul S. Mostert

C. J. Mozzochi

Benjamin I. Nadel

Melvyn B. Nathanson

Catharine Newbury

Y. Jack Ng

Mary Jo Nye

Timothy O'Meara

Takashi Ono

Peter Orlik

Sherry B. Ortner

Martin Ostwald

Burt Ovrut

Richard S. Palais and Chuu-Lian Temg

Leonard Parker

Francois Paschoud

James V. Peters

Uya Piatetski-Shapiro

David Pingree

John C. Polking*

Karla PoUmann

Carlo Poni

William L. Pressly

Michael C. J. Putnam

Theodore K. Rabb

Susan E. Ramirez

M. M. Rao

Claudia Rapp

Richard T. Rapp

John G. Ratcliffe

Jerome R. Ravetz

Margaret A. Readdy

B. P Reardon

Erica Reiner

Jean-Paul Rey-Coquais

Roger E. Reynolds

R J. Rhodes

* Major donor to AMIAS

Institute for advanced study

L. Richardson, Jr.

Melvin Richter

Jennifer T. Roberts

Paul Rorem

Renato Rosaldo

Myriam Rosen-Ayalon

Hans Samelson

Lyman Tower Sargent

Ichiro Satake

Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Schofield

John Schrecker

Domenico Sella

Freydoon Shahidi

Richard B. Sher

Allan J. Silberger

Maxine F. Singer*

Robert C. Sleigh, Jr.

T. A. Springer

Harold Stark

Jim Stasheff

Maria and Robert Steinberg

Clarence F. Stephens

George Sterman

Ronald J. Stem

Wilhelm StoU

Susan M. Stuard

R. Richard Summerhill

EarlJ.Taft

Richard Talbert

John Edwin Talbott

Tsuneo Tamagawa

David Tepper

H. S. Thayer

Franklin Toker

Salvatore Torquato

Howard G. Tucker

A. Richard Turner

Denis Twitchett

Francine Frankel and Douglas Vemey

Andrei Verona

Linda Ehrsam Voigts

Samuel S. Wagstaff, Jr.

Jonathan Wahl

John Walsh*

John H. Walter

Robert K. Webb

David Weinberg and Lisa Florman

John Wermer

Sally S. Whiteman

J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr.

Karen K. Uhlenbeck and Robert F. Williams

Robert L. Wilson

Dr. and Mrs. Louis Witten

John W. Wood

Hung-Hsi Wu

Dieter Wuttke

Paul C P Yang*

York- Peng Edward Yao

Mitsuru Yasuhara

M. Crawford Young

Jing Yu

J. K. Zawodny

Gaoyong Zhang

Emst-Wilhelm Zink

* Major donor to AM IAS

ACKNOWLEDGMHNTS

OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

Stephen L. Adier

BamherKer-AUen Health &. Education Foundatit)n

The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter- Day Saints Foundation

Gerald R. Daynes

Enes Dedi>vic

Janet and Arthur Eschenlauer

Professor and Mrs. Harold Falk

The J. Paul Getty Trust*

Rachel and Charles Gray

(In memory of Frank E. Tallin, Jr.)

James F. Hawkins

Sally and Jim Hill

(/n memory of Frank E. Taplin, }r.)

Hudson City Savings Bank*

IBM International Foundation*

Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Jaffin

(In memory of Frank E. Taplin, ]r.)

Zinovy Kravets

George Lahalme, Jr.

(In memory of Frank E. Taplin, ]r.)

Microsoft Corporation*

Nancy Michell

Louise J. Morse

Althea Grace Pineda

R.J. Reynolds Foundation*

Eugene R. Speer

Fritz Stem and Elizabeth Sifton

Donald B. Straus

(In memory of Frank E. Taplin, Jr.)

June W. Allison and Stephen Tracy

Utah Families Foundation

Verizon Foundation*

Howard D. Weinhrot

GIFTS-IN-KIND

Shirley Dwork

J. Lionel Gossman

Patricia Lahalme

(deceased October 1 1 , 2002)

Peter Paret

Fritz Stem

Sybil L. Stokes

Michael Walzer

Matching gift to an individual contribution

Institute for advanced study

CONTRIBUTIONS IN MEMORY OF LEON LEVY

The Institute for Advanced Study acknowledges with gratitude all those who have made gifts in mem-
ory of Leon Levy. Mr. Levy, a Trustee from 1988 until his death in April 2003, served as Chair of the
Executive and Finance Committees, Vice Chairman of the Board, and President of the Corporation.
Mr. Levy was a generous donor during his lifetime, and the Institute is now privileged to be the recip-
ient of contributions commemorating this extraordinary member of our community.

Herve Aaron

Avatar Holdings Inc.

Peter A. Bauer

Peter Behr

Nina Berg

Gail W. Berry

Gail Billig and Evelyn Kenvin

Alan and Melinda Blinkin

Ludwig Bravmann

Caliper Management Inc.

Sam Y. Cross

Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman

Milton H. Dresner

Electra Partners, Inc.

Elisabeth Familian

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Feder

Helene Fischer

Glorious Food, Inc.

Catherine N. Goulandris

Mr. and Mrs. George D. Gould

Rachel and Charles Gray

Greater Talent Network, Inc.

Monroe E. Haas

Hobbs Incorporated

Pamela and Brian Hughes

Adam Hurwich

Institute for Mediterranean Studies

Mr. and Mrs. Erwin Kelen

George Labalme, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Todd Lang

Martin L. Leibowitz

Edward E. Matthews

The McKenzie Foundation

Joseph E. Mele

Mildred H. Miller

G. I. Moratis and Family

Roy R. and Marie S. Neuberger Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Herberto Oliva

Oppenheimer Funds, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Alan Parker

Laura Pels

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Ani;inJ;i Remus

Mr. anJ Mrs. Arthur Rock

Rosen Consulting Group

The Rosen Family

Mr. and Mrs. E. John RosenwalJ, Jr.

Eric Foster Schmidt

Michael Sedor and Elizabeth A. Adams

Hershel Shanks

Eleanor Sheldon

William G. Spears

Mr. and Mrs. Ira N. Toff

Helen Sonnenher^ Tucker

Regina UUendorff

Dietrich \on Bothmer

Lulu C. Wang

Warshaw Burstein Cohen Schlesinger &. Kuh, LLP

J.C.Y. Watt

Weil, Gotshal & Manges Foundation Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Dave H. Williams

James D. and Elaine Wolfensohn

Brian Wruhle

Institute for advanced study

PROFESSORSHIPS AND MEMBERSHIPS

The Institute for Advanced Study is deeply appreciative of gifts in fiscal year 2003
designed to provide annual support tor Professorships and Memberships.

PROFESSORSHIPS

W.M. Keck Visiting Associate in Cosmology

hy the W.M. Keck Foundation

Two-Year Mellon Visiting Professorship
hy The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Distinguished Visiting Professorship
by The Ambrose Monell Foundation

New Jersey Albert Einstein Professorship
by the State of New Jersey

MEMBERSHIPS

American Council of Learned Societies

AMIAS

Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study

Gerda Henkel Stiftung

Hubble Space Telescope Fellowships

W. M. Keck Foundation

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

The Ambrose Monell Foundation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Endowment for the Humanities

National Science Foundation

State of New Jersey

Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory

Space Telescope Science Institute

Fritz Thyssen Stiftung

United States Department of Energy

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Institute for Advanced Study continues to he grateful to dotiors for their past generosity in
providing major gifts to estahlish endowed Professorships and Memherships.

ENDOWED rROFESSORSHlPS

Richard Black Professorship

Alhert O. Hirschman Professorship

IBM von Neumann Professorship

George F. Kennan Professorship

Harold F Linder Professorship

Andrew W. Mellon Professorship

Charles Simonyi Professorship

UPS Foundation Professorship

Hermann Weyl Professorship

ENDOWED MEMBERSHIPS

The Bell Companies Fellowship

Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership

Edward T Cone Membership in Music Studies

The Coming Glass Works Foundation Fellowship

Geiuge William Cottrell, Jr. Membership

Deutsche Bank Memberships

Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilvvorth Fellowships in Historical Studies

The EUentuck Fund

The 50th Anniversary Fellowship in Social Science

Richard B. Fisher Membership

Marvin L. Goldberger Membership

The Hetty Goldman Membership Fund

The Florence Gould Foundation

Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Membership

The Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Membership

The Herodotus Fund

The IBM Einstein Fellowships

Hans Kohn Membership

The Andrew W Mellon Foundation

Otto Neugebauer Fund

Patrons' Endowment Fund

Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation

Tlie Sivian Fund

Frank and Peggy Taplin Memherships

The Oswald Veblen Fund

TTie von Neumann Fund

The Weyl Fund

Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Fellowship

The James D. Wolfensohn Fund

" ^^^^he Institute provides an ideal environment for writing
I and research.... Interaction with Faculty professors and
JL fellow Members, informally, and through seminars and
workshops, offers benefit and pleasure. It is extremely valuable to
be able to discuss ideas with a community of international scholars
who, although they may be working in seemingly remote and
refined fields , are congenitally curious about the research of
others; there are often surprising conjunctions of interest."

— Member, School of Historical Studies

West Building, home of the School of Historiccd Studies and the School of Social Science

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

Faculty

GLEN W. BOWERSOCK

CAROLINE WALKER BWUM (as of 1-l-Oi)

GILES CONSTABLE (ihr-ugh l2-il-02)

PATRICIA CRONE, AnJrcw W. Mellon Professor

JOS£ CUTILEIRO, GcorKe F Kennan Professor

JONATHAN ISRAEL

KIRK VARNEDOE'

HEINRICH von STADEN

Two-Year Mel/on Visiting Professor
JOSHUA FOGEL

Professors Emeriti

MARSHALL CLAGETT

GILES CONSTABLE {as of 1-1-Oi)

OLEG GRABAR

CHRISTIAN HABICHT

GEORGE F KENNAN

IRVING LAVIN

PETER PARET

MORTON WHITE

TTie School of Historical Studies is concerned principally with the history of Western
European, Near Eastern, and East Asian civilizations. Both inside and outside these
broad areas of study Faculty and Members have pursued a wide range of topics. The
emphasis has been traditionally strong in the fields of Greek and Roman civilization,
Western Medieval history, early modem and modem European history, but over time the
School's interests have been enlarged to include Islamic culture, the history of China and
Japan; international relations, the history of art, science, and ideas, and more recently;
music studies. Well over one thousand Members have come to the School since its foun-
dation, and their work here in these and other areas of research has regularly been
enriched by the fruitful interaction of disciplines in a small and coUegial community.

The various fields represented by the School are a product of its own history. Two years
after the opening of the School of Mathematics in 1933, a School of Economics and
Politics and a School of Humanistic Studies were established. In Humanistic Studies, the
first professor, Benjamin Dean Meritt, a specialist in Greek epigraphy, was closely associ-
ated with excavations in the Athenian Agora. The second appointment to the Faculty of
the School of Humanistic Studies was that of the German art historian Erwin Panofsky.

•The School was deeply saddened by the death of Kirk Vamedoe from cancer on August 14, 2003. Although
he served at the Institute only a year and a half, Professor Vamedoe seemed to pack a lifetime of erudition,
eloquence and energy into that brief time. This is reflected below in his report on his activities in his final
academic year. His legacy is enormous and he is deeply missed.

Institute for advanced study

Panofsky's work ranged across European art from the Middle Ages to motion pictures, but
he was most closely associated with the development of the field of iconology.

Three additional appointments strengthened the field of classical and Near Eastern stud-
ies: Elias Avery Lowe, a Latin palaeographer; Ernst Her:feld, a Near Eastern archaeolo-
gist, and Hetty Goldman, a pioneering woman archaeologist, who worked at Tarsus in
Turkey. Modem history was represented at the Institute from the outset with the
appointment of the military and political historian Edward M. Earle. Earle was an origi-
nal member of the School of Economics and Politics, which merged in 1949 with the
School of Humanistic Studies to become the School of Historical Studies.

After World War 11, classical studies were further augmented by the appointments of
Homer A. Thompson in Greek archaeology, Harold F. Cherniss in Greek philosophy, and
Andrew Alfoldi in Roman history and numismatics. Medieval history came to the
Institute Faculty with Ernst Kantorowicz, whose interests ranged in time from the later
phases of classical antiquity to the sixteenth century. The art historical tradition was
taken over from Panofsky by Millard Meiss, who completed his work on Burgundian
manuscript painting during his years at the Institute.

Additional fields came with the appointments of Sir Ernest Llewelyn Woodward in diplo-
matic history, James F Gilliam in Roman military history and papyrology, Kenneth M. Set-
ton in medieval relations between the Papacy and the Levant, and Felix Gilbert in Renais-
sance as well as modem German history. A new term professorship in honor of George F.
Kennan brought Jack F Matlock, Jr. to the School as the first Kennan professor in interna-
tional relations. Many of the major scholars who came to the Institute in the decades after
World War 11 are still active in School affairs. These are the current faculty and emeriti,
whose reports appear below. Their work illustrates the School's continued dedication to
fields of historical inquiry that it has long supported, while maintaining an ongoing open-
ness to new areas as reflected in the School's support over the past several years of a series of
term-appointments at the faculty level in the field of East Asian history. Recognizing the
value this new perspective brought to the range of study within the School led to the deci-
sion to seek a permanent appointment in the field, which will be taken up in the coming
academic year by Professor Nicola Di Cosmo. As in the past, the School will continue in
the years to come to encourage the exploration or creation of new fields of historical inquiry
and the breaking down of traditional academic boundaries.

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

FACLJLTY

PROFESSOR GLEN BOWERSOCK participated in numerous .symposia and confer-
ences in the course of the past academic year. In the autumn of 2002, he spoke on the
Jewish kingdom of South Arabia in late antiquity at a symposium in Rome under the
joint auspices of the Istituto Italiano per I'Africa e I'Oriente and the Accademia dei
Lincei. A few weeks later, he delivered a paper on cults of the Highest God for a collo-
quium in Bordeaux on the Black Sea in antiquity. At the Toronto meetings of the Amer-
ican Society of Biblical Literature and the American Schools of Oriental Research,
Professor Bowersock gave a paper on Nabataean onomastics and responded to a panel
discussion of his book, Martyrdom and Rome. In the spring of 2003, at a conference in

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

Catiinia devoted to the work ot M. I. Rostovt:eti, he spoke on the historian's little known
Kxik, published in Petrograd in 1^18, on the birth ot the Roman Empire. He later went
to Heidelberg to speak on Artemidonis' l\eam B<.Hik at a conference on the Second
Sophistic, and to Pisa to give two semitiars at the Scuola Nortnale Superiore - one on
Augustaii Athens, the other on the tirst basilica ot St. Peter in Rome. Finally, he >jave
the inaugural lectures, on continuity and discontinuity in history, tor the newly estab-
lished Istituto di Studi Unianistici in Florence.

Professor Bowersock returned to Helsinki, along with former Institute member Alan
Bowman ot Oxford, to continue work on an advisory committee tor the Academy of Fin-
land with responsibility tor supervising the work ot a Fiiinish team of archaeologists and
papyrologists at Petra in Jordan and a Finnish project for cataloguing the library of the
Patriarchate ot Alexandria. He also continued as a member ot the consiglio scientifico of
the Istituto in Florence and ot the editorial committees of several journals. He supervised
arrangements tor cataloguing the archive of Louis Robert, ot which he is in charge, at the
Institut de France in Paris, and he went to Paris to work out procedures for access to the
archive and publication of its inedita. Professor Bowersock also joined a group of schol-
ars to introduce the Metropolitan Opera's new production of Berlioz's opera Les Troyens
through a symposium in New York, at which he lectured on Berlioz's use of Virgil's Aeneid.
His publications in the past academic year included articles on philosophy in the Second
Sophistic, central Syria in late antiquity, the historian Zosimus, and Edward Gibbon, as
well as several reviews for the general public. In the Italian journal Rivista Storica Italiana,
he added a response to several papers, published there, about his work on late antiquity.

PROFESSOR CAROLINE WALKER BYNUM spent the fall of 2002 at the American
Academy in Berlin, where she did research on titteenth-century cult sites in Mecklenburg
and Brandenburg. She joined the faculty of the Institute in January 2003 and has spent
much ot the spring learning her new environment. In 2002-03, she published an article on
violent imager^' in late medieval piety and one on the cult ot the blood of Christ - both
articles adumbrating the themes of the book on blood piety that continues to he her major
research project. She also published (with her student Susan Kramer) an article on the
issue of twelfth-century individualism that she first discussed twenty years ago. Two essays
on topics not strictly speaking medieval appeared in the journal Common Knowledge. She
wrote two book reviews, a long encyclopedia article on soul and body in the Middle Ages,
an article on gender in the writings of Gertrude of Helfta, and an essay tor an Oxford Uni-
versity Press volume on medieval soteriology. She gave lectures in Berlin, Muenster, Frank-
furt, Helfta, Poznan, Jerusalem, New York (The Woodrow Wilson Foundation), London
(The Victoria and Albert Museum), Cambridge Mass. (The Radcliffe Institute), and spoke
at a workshop in Leeds, England, organized around her essay "Wonder," published in the
American Historical Review in 1997. She continued to work with Columbia University dis-
sertation students and, in spring 2003, held an informal reading class for Columbia gradu-
ate students preparing for oral exams. She serves on the Board of the National Humani-
ties Center and on the Selection Committee for the Yad-Hanadiv Foundation in Jerusalem,
and is a mentor for the German Historical Institute Transatlantic Seminar tor German and
American Doctoral Students.

PROFESSOR PATRICIA CRONE sent her book on medieval Islamic political thought
to press and completed three articles. One of her articles in press appeared. So too did an
unauthorized Arabic translation, by a Syrian intellectual, of her first book, written with

Institute for advanced study

Michael Cook, which is somewhat unfortunate, given the current political situation. She
delivered lectures at McGill and the Institute in November, taught a graduate seminar on
the impact of the Turkish invasions on Islamic culture at the University ot Pennsylvania
in the spring semester, acted as discussant at two conferences at the same university, one
on the Koran in February and another on medieval Islamic thought in March, contributed
a paper to a conference on toleration in medieval Islam at New York University in May,
and organized her own conference on the Greek strand in medieval Islamic thought at the
Institute in June. As in previous years, she ran two seminars at the Institute, one the time-
honored Islamicist seminar and the other a new 'empire group'. Both her conference and
her empire group were interdisciplinary, both were international, and both were based on
the rule that no papers could be read in the proceedings, so that the gatherings could be
used entirely for discussions (which is not as easily achieved as it sounds). But the par-
ticipants in the empire group were mostly members of the Institute who proved to have
an interest in the behavior of empires, whereas the participants in the conference were
Islamicists supplemented by classicists, Syriacists, and European medievalists who were
specially brought in from diverse parts of the world (Britain, Germany, France, Italy,
Lebanon, Morocco, and the States), and whereas the empire group operated without for-
mal papers, the conference was based on formal papers submitted in advance and selec-
tions of texts for reading and/or discussion in specially appointed text sessions (an inno-
vation that worked better at some times than at others). Crone also continued to com-
mission titles for her new series, "Makers of the Muslim World", to be published by
Oneworld, for which the first manuscripts began to arrive over the summer.

PROFESSOR JOSE CUTILEIRO lectured at Le Centre Europeen de la Culture and at
the Department of Political Science of the University of Geneva on European defense and
security. He took part in the Seventh Arrahida Meeting, chaired by Lord Carrington, on
transatlantic relations, European institutional architecture, and Iraq and the West after
the war, held in Arrabida, Portugal. He participated in meetings of the International
Institute of Strategic Studies (Washington). He published a book on the Yugoslav crisis
of the 1990s: Vida e Morte dos Outros - A comuniioAe xmevnaciond. e o fim da Jugoslavia,
Imprensa de Ciencias Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, 2003; and two articles "A Bosnia-
Herzegovina revisitada - A proposito do livro de Brendan Simms, 'Untinest Hour'", in
Politica Intemacional, no. 26, Fall-Winter, 2002 and "O Alto Comissariado das Na^oes
Unidas para os Direitos do Homem" in Na0o e Defesa, no. 104, Spring, 2003. He is
preparing an expanded English version of the Yugoslav book and continues working
on the general question of humanitarian intervention. To pursue his research, he has
traveled to Belgium, Britain, France, Portugal, and Switzerland. He is a member of the
Steering Committee of the Arrabida Meetings, a co-director of the Arrabida Conflict
Prevention Initiative, Lisbon, and a member of the Council of International Advisors of
the Conflict Management Group, Cambridge, Mass. He kept a regular column of inter-
national affairs commentary in Expresso, the most prestigious Portuguese weekly. As Spe-
cial Representative of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights tor Bosnia-
Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, he visited each of these two coun-
tries twice, in November of 2002 and March of 2003. He presented the reports of his field
missions to the Commission's plenary session in Geneva in March 2003.

He organized the following two lectures at the Institute:
December 9, 2002

'A European (British) View of the Struggle against Terrorism'
GENERAL LORD GUTHRIE, Former UK Chief of Defense Staff

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUniES

March 5, 2003

'American Foreign Policy in an Age ot Preeminence'

STROBE TALBOTT, President, Brookings Institution

Several volumes edited hy PROFESSOR JOSHUA FOGEL are due to appear later this
year. Based on an international conference supported hy both the Japan Foundation and
the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation, the eleven essays in "The Role of Japan in Liang
Qichao's Introduction ot Modern Western Civili:ation to China," edited hy Fogel and to
he published hy the Institute ot East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, take
up various aspects ot the lite and work of Liang Qichao (1873-1929), the most important
Chinese joumalist-publicist-intellectual of the late nineteenth and early twentieth cen-
turies. Liang provides a window onto the immense impact Japan and Japan-as-a-conduit-
for-things- Western had on China at this time. The product of an international conterence
held in Santa Barbara, Calif in 1999, "Late Qing China and Meiji Japan: Political and
Cultural Aspects ot Their Interactions" (al.so edited hy Fogel), will be published by East
Bridge Press. It is comprised ot eight scholarly essays concerned with Sino-Japanese polit-
ical and cultural interactions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Fogel
penned the introductions to both volumes, respectively: "Liang Qichao and Japan" and
"Integrating Late Qing China and Meiji Japan." He also translated or co-translated four
of the essays for the former volume (two from Chinese and two from Japanese).

Fogel also recently completed a draft translation of a massive historical novel. Chronicle
of the Tatar Whirlwind: A Novel ot Seventeenth-Century East Asia, by Shiha Ryotarci.
TTie novel concerns the background to the Manchu conquest of China in 1644 by
following the fictitious lives of a Japanese and a Manchu woman who find themselves in
countless theaters over the course of the two decades or more leading up to that dramat-
ic event. It will he published by Kodansha International as part of a series of translations
from the voluminous works of Shiba Ryotaro (1923-96), the great historical novelist.

"An Important Japanese Source for Chinese Business History" is a short essay Fogel wrote
for the newsletter Chinese Business History (vol. 12.2, Fall 2002). It introduces a little
known source, a Japanese newspaper published in the mid- 1880s in Shanghai. His piece,
"Naito Konan (1866-1934) and Chinese Historiography," appeared in the inaugural issue
of Historiography : East and West (2003). It examines the views on Chinese historiography
of the great Japanese sinologist, Naito Konan. This journal is completely on-line with
articles appearing in a host of languages and summaries in English and Chinese.

For volume 15 (2003) of the journal he founded in 1988, Sino-japanese Studies, Fogel
translated an essay entitled "Asian Female Sovereigns and the Empress Wu," by Araki
Toshio. TTiis essay examines the extraordinary phenomenon of the many women who
ruled in East Asian countries: Japan, Korea, China, and a mysterious Southeast Asian
land known only in Chinese sources as "Dongnii guo" (Country of the Eastern Women),
from the late sixth through the late eighth centuries.

The conference he organized at the Institute in February 2002 on the theme of "How Did
'China' Become China and How Did 'Japan' Become Japan: TTie Teleologies of the Mod-
em Nation-.State," has since been edited and accepted for publication by the University of
Pennsylvania Press. Fogel wrote the introductory essay (from his keynote address at the
conference), entitled "The Teleology of the Nation-State."

Institute for advanced study

Over the course of the year, 2002-03, Fogel gave a number of scholarly talks. These
included an analysis of Japanese historical fiction and its translation (at both the East
Asian Studies Seminar, IAS, in October 2002, and at a conference in Banff in November
2002). More closely attuned to his present research on the emergence and development
of the Japanese community of Shanghai in the nineteenth century were several talks he
gave on the subject of "Prostitutes and Painters: Early Japanese Migrants to Shanghai" (at
the Shelby Cullom Davis Center Colloquium, Princeton University, November 8, 2002;
at the Luce Center, Yale University, January 31, 2003; and at Ohio State University, May
7, 2003). On February 26, 2003, he delivered the annual Faculty Lecture for the School
of Historical Studies, entitled "The Nanjing Massacre and Chinese Historical Memory."

In February 2003, Fogel organized a conference, again supported by the Andrew J. Mel-
lon Foundation, entitled "Is It Really Like Kissing through a Handkerchief? Reading and
Translation from Chinese and Japanese." He gave the keynote address: "On the Tasks of
the Translator." The participants included: David Knechtges (University of Washing-
ton), Thomas Hare (Princeton University), Patrick Hanan (Harvard University), Perry
Link (Princeton University), John Nathan (University of California, Santa Barbara), Jay
Rubin (Harvard University), and Laurence Venuti (Temple University). Serving as dis-
cussants were three Institute Members in East Asian studies: Martin Kern, Joachim Kurtz,
and Hu Ying; and Janet Walker (Rutgers University).

As he had in 2001-02, in 2002-03 Fogel organized and led the East Asian Studies Semi-
nar at the Institute.

During the academic year 2002-03, PROFESSOR JON ATHAN ISRAEL continued with
his long-term project on the origins and history of the European Radical Enlightenment.
Besides research in libraries and archives in London, The Netherlands, and Greece, he
has been examining rare printed materials preserved today in the rare book collections at
Princeton, Yale, Columbia, and at the Library of Congress, in Washington. He gave a
talk on the present state of his research to the History Department at Princeton Univer-
sity on 3 December. At the same time, he has continued contributing to the current
debate on the subject of diasporas. His latest book, Diasporas Within a Diaspora, jews,
Crypto-] ews arul the World Maritime Empires (1540-1740), a study of the trans- Atlantic
network of Western Sephardic communities between the sixteenth and eighteenth
centuries, was published by E.J. Brill, of Leiden, in August 2002.

The idea of 'a radical Enlightenment' as the origin of modem ideas of equality, democra-
cy, and freedom of the individual was the topic of a special session of the 26th annual
conference of the Northeast American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies
(NEASECS), held at the City University of New York, in October 2002. Panel discus-
sions of the main themes of the book were also held at the University of Venice, in
November 2002, at the Technical University of Athens in April 2003, and at both the
University of Groningen and the Institute of Historical Research, in London, in May.

On 1 1 and 12 November, Professor Israel spoke on the 'Radical Enlightenment' first to a
general and, then, to a more specialized group at Wesleyan University. On 22 November,
he gave a paper on 'Vico and the Radical Enlightenment', at the international Vico con-
ference held at the Fondazione Cini, in Venice, and on 20 March presented a paper on
the 'Seventeenth-century Origins of Modern Democratic Republicanism' to the History
of Political Thought Seminar, at Columbia University. He also spoke on the 'Rise of

THE SCHOOL OF HIST0RH:AL STUDIES

History ot Philosophy', at the international conference on the Teaching i>t History ot
Philosophy held at Princeton University on 4 and 5 April 2003. He n^ive speeches on
the career ot the famous British scholar Charles Boxer, at the conference held in the
latter's merrmry, at Yale, in Novemher, and, on 24 March, on the career of the hihliogra-
pher Anna Simoni, at the Dutch Emhassy, in London. On 20 May, he delivered the 2003
annual 'Town and Gown' lecture of the city and University of Groningen, in The
Netherlands, speaking about Groningen as a regional culture of the Dutch Golden Age.
On 20 June, he held a half-day 'master-class' session discussing the research dissertations
of a group of Amsterdam graduate students researching on aspects of early modem intel-
lectual history and, the following day, gave a short 'inaugural' lecture on the Radical
Enlightenment at the ceremony of induction as an honorary professor of the University
of Amsterdam. Also in June, he attended the annual meetings of the curati>rium of the
Huizinga Institute for Cultural History, in Amsterdam and the UCL Committee for the
Promotion ot Low Countries Studies, attended by the Dutch and Belgian ambassadors,
and other representatives from the Low Countries, in London.

His shorter publications this year were: "Heinsius, Dutch Raison d'Etat, and the Reshaping
ot the Baltic and Eastern Europe", in J.A.F de Jongste and A.J. Veenendaal (eds.) Anthonie
Heinsuts and ihe Dutch Republic, 1688-1720 (The Hague, 2002), pp. 25-44; "Dutch History
from the Perspective of World History" in Over de grenzen van de Nederlandse Geschiedenis.
]ubileumsymposium van het Instituut voor Nederlaiidse Geschiedcnh 19 April 2002 (The
Hague, 2002), pp. 25-33; "The Dutch Republic and the Silesian Revolt against the Habs-
hurgs (1618-1625)," in M. Kapustka, A Ko:iel, and Piotr Os:c:anowski (eds.) Netherlan-
dism in Silesia and Neighbouring Countries, (Wroclaw, 2002) pp. 18-24; and the 'Teylers Lec-
ture on Radical Enlightenment' in Mededelingen van de Stichting Jacob Campo Weyerman
(Haarlem) xxvi (2003), pp. 4-9. In addition, there were several book reviews.

PROI^SOR KIRK VARNEEXDE taught a seminar in the autumn semester at The Insti-
tute of Fine Arts of New York University, on Abstract Art Since Jackson Pollock. He
also lectured extensively in the New York Area and around the country: In October, he
delivered: the John I. K. Baur Distinguished Scholar in American Art lecture at the
Katonah, N.Y. Museum of Art, on "Jackson Pollock and his Consequences;" the inau-
gural lecture, on creative processes in modem art, of a benefit drive in support of the PBS
series on contemporary artists, ART2 1 , at the auction room of Philips, de Pury, and Lux-
embourg, in New York City; a talk on Van Gogh's portraits of the Aries postman Joseph
Roulin, at the Telfair Museum in Savannah, Georgia; a lecture entitled "Gauguin's Truth-
ful Lies," at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York; an analysis of the work of the
contemporary artist Janine Antoni at Site Santa Fe in Santa Fe, New Mexico; and a
focused examination on one Picasso collage, "Picasso's 'Guitar and Wine Glass' in Con-
text," at the Marian Koogler McNay Museum in San Antonio, Texas. In November, he
continued by giving: a lecture on "Instinct and Intelligence in Modem Art," in the
context of the Chicago Humanities Festival, at the Art Institute of Chicago; the third
annual Rembrandt Lecture at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, on the subject of private
versus public patronage in the American and European museum systems; and a more
informal talk to the curatorial staff of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Addition-
ally, Professor Vamedoe was asked to speak on the subject of memorial sculptures in
modem art, to a meeting of the special Advisory Council appointed by TT>e Lower
Manhattan Development Corporation to consider the terms of an appropriate memorial

Institute for advanced study

commemorating the events of September 11, 2001 . Also in November, he pubhshed an
essay on the artist Chuck Close in the catalogue of Close's exhibition at the Pace-
Wildenstein Gallery in Chelsea. In December, he gave the principal address for the
meeting of the American Academy of Arts and Science, at The Rockefeller University
in New York City, on "Matisse, Picasso, and the Idea of Influence." In January of 2003,
Professor Vamedoe delivered two lectures, on Scandinavian art and on Gustave Caille-
botte, at Augustana College in Illinois, and worked on the installation - at The Museum
of Modem Art's temporar>^ facility in Queens, N.Y. - of the internationally acclaimed
exhibition "Matisse/Picasso." He was one of a six-member team of curators from London,
Paris, and New York who had organized the exhibition and wrote its catalogue. Imme-
diately following the opening of the show in Queens in February, he lectured on the exhi-
bition, in the first annual Elsen Memorial Lecture, at The Society of the Four Arts in
Palm Beach, FL. Along with co-curator John Elderfield, he also taped an hour-long inter-
view about the exhibition, aired on the Charlie Rose show on PBS in May, an interview
with Motley Safer for the CBS Sunday Morning program, and a briefer segment with
Michael Kimmelman for the Arts and Entertainment network. The principal event of
the spring ot 2003, for Professor Vamedoe, was the series of six Mellon Lectures, at the
National Gallery of Art in Washington. Under the general title "Pictures of Nothing:
Abstract Art Since Jackson Pollock," the lectures were delivered every Sunday afternoon,
for the three weeks preceding Easter and the three weeks following, concluding on May
11. As is traditional with the Mellon Lectures, these talks will, after revision and edit-
ing, be published as a book. Professor Vamedoe also continued to serve on several boards,
advisory councils, and selection committees, attached to institutions including
The Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, the Japan Society in New York, The National
Humanities Center in North Carolina, the Princeton University Art Museum, the
Center for Scholars and Writers of the New York Public Library, and the Praemium
Imperiale.

PROFESSOR HEINRICH von STADEN contributed a paper on the ancient Greeks'
therapeutic uses of sexual abstinence and sexual intercourse to an international confer-
ence on Hippocratic medicine at the University of Newcastle in August 2002. In early
October 2002, he gave a lecture ("A Small Epilepsy") on further aspects of this topic at
the Institute of the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology of The Johns Hopkins
University at a symposium honoring the late Owsei Temkin. In mid-October, he gave a
lecture ("Galen on Alexandria and Egypt") at a conference on Alexandria at the Center
for the Ancient Mediterranean, Columbia University, as well as the Samuel X. Radbill
Lecture on "To Help or Not to Harm: Ethics in the Hippocratic Writings" at the College
of Physicians in Philadelphia. In late October, he lectured at Indiana University
(Department of Classics) on Hellenistic anatomy. In early November 2002, he gave a
lecture at Franklin and Marshall College (Department of Classics) on the Hippocratic
Oath. In mid-November, he contributed a paper on Galen ("Le daimon de Galien") to a
symposium on "Rationnel et irrationnel dans la medecine antique et medievale" at the
Centre Jean Paleme, Universite de Saint-Etienne. In December 2002, he served as a
commentator at a symposium on "Global Science and Comparative History: Jesuits,
Science, and Philology in China and Europe, 1550-1850" at Princeton University
(Program in the History of Science and the Shelby Cullom Davis Center). In February
2003, he lectured at Trinity College, Hartford, on "Health as a Moral and Non-Moral
Concept: Greek and Roman Perspectives" at a conference on "The Meanings of Health."
In early April 2003, he gave a lecture at the biennial conference of the Association
of Members of the Institute for Advanced Study ("Human Dissection and Vivisection:

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

Science, Religion, and Politics in Ancient Greece"). In late April, he gave the Roth-
schild Lecture at Harsard University (Department of the History of Science) on ancient
Greek moral, siKiai, and epistemolofjical responses to the inevitability of error and
failure in the practice of medicine. In early May, he participated in the annual meeting
of the American AssiKiation for the History of Medicine in Boston. In mid-May, he lec-
tured at McGill University, Department of Social Studies ot Medicine, on "Souls, Nerves,
and Machines in Hellenistic Medicine" at a symposium in honor of the late Don Bates.

In March 2003, Professor von Staden was elected a Corresponding Member of the
Akademie der Wissenschaften in Giittingen. His publications in the academic year
2002-03 included: "Hos e/)i to [)oly: 'Hippocrates' Between Generalization and Individual-
ization", in Le normal et le pathologiquc dans, la Collection hipjyocratiquc . Actcs du Xeme
CoUoque Intenuitional Ht/if)()CTuritjue, ed. Antoine Thivel and Arnaud. Zucker (Nice,
2002) pp. 23-43; "Division, Dissection, and Specialization: Galen's On the Parta of the
Medical Techne", in The \Jnknowi\ Galen, ed. Vivian Nutton {Bulletin of the Imtitute of
Classical Studies. London, Supplement 77, 2002), pp. 19-45; "L'CEil d'apres Herophile,
Demosthene Philalethes et Aglaias de Byzance", in Autour de I'aeil dans I'Antiquiie.
Approche plundisciplinaire . Table ronde de Lons-le-Saunier, ed. (Lons-le-Saunier, 2003),
pp. 83-93; "A Woman Deies Not Become Ambidextrous: Galen and the Culture of Scien-
tific Commentary", in The Classical Commentary. Histimes. Practices, Thetrry, ed. Roy K.
Gibson and Christina Shuttleworth Kraus (Leiden, 2002), pp. 109-139. He continued
serving on the editorial boards of several professional journals.

PROFESSORS EMERITI

PROFESSOR MARSHALL CLAGETT, while continuing the preparation of the fourth
and last volume of his Ancient E^ptian Science, also continued his new studies of the Liber
Cakulationum of the fourteenth-century philosopher and logician, Richard Swineshead
of Menon College, Oxford. Furthermore, he continued serving on editorial boards of
journals in the history of science.

During the academic year 2002-0?, GILES CONSTABLE published a revised edition of
the Libelliis de diversis ordinibus et professionibus qui sunt in aecclesia (Oxford, 2002) and two
articles: "Individualism and Institutions in Medieval Religious Communities" and "The
Three Lives of Odo Arpinus: Viscount of Bourges, Crusader, Monk of Cluny". He pub-
lished a memoir of Steven Runciman and another (in collaboration with Alan Bernstein
and William Courtenay) of Heiko Oberman, and prefaces to two volumes. He gave the
keynote address at conferences in Admont (Austria), Claremont, and Florence; spoke at
a conference in Auxerre; served as Lansdowne Lecturer at the University of Victoria; and
lectured at LawTence University (Appleton, Wisconsin), Rutgers University, and Cornell
University. He attended (without speaking) several conferences, including the annual
medieval congress at Kalamazoo.

PROFESSOR OLEG GRABAR taught a seminar on "The Holy and the Sacred in Islam-
ic Art" at the University of Pennsylvania. He lectured on Persian painting at the Los
Angeles County Museum, Brown University, and the University of Michigan; on Islam
and icons or images at the Louvre in Paris and Princeton University, where he gave the
annual Helen Seeger lecture; and on Islamic art and the West at Dartmouth College. He
gave a communication at the Academic des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris on

Institute for advanced study

"Portraits of Prophets," and participated in coUoquia at the Doris Duke Foundation in
Honolulu on the state of the field of Islamic art, at UNESCO in Paris on the protection
of monuments, and at La Tourette in France on sacred spaces. He was on the juries of
doctoral dissertations at the University of Lausanne and the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in
Paris. He received the honorary degree of Doctor ot Humane Letters at the University
of Michigan and was made an honorary member of the Middle East Studies Association
and of Middle Eastern Medievalists. He also co-edited an issue of RES devoted to
Islamic art.

Tlie following is a list of his publications which appeared during the year: "About a Brorue
Bird," in E. Sears and TTielma K. Thomas, Reading Medieval Images (Ann Arbor, 2002),
pp. 1 17-25; "Reves d'empire dans le monde de I'lslam," Olga Weber ed., Les Civilisations
dans le regard de I'autre (UNESCO, Paris, 2002), pp. 153-160; "Foreword and Comments,"
A. Petruccioli and Kb. K. Pirani, Understanding Islamic Architecture (London, 2002),
pp. IX-X, 8, 48; "Reflections on Qajar Art and its Significance," Iranian Studies, 34 (2001 ),
183-186; and "What should one know about Islamic Art," RES 43 (2003), 5-11.

PROFESSOR CHRISTIAN HABICHT attended an international symposium on Lud-
wig Ross, the first general director of antiquities in Greece (1834-36) and first professor
of archaeology at the University of Athens (1837-43), an event jointly sponsored by this
University and the local German Archaeological Institute. He spoke on Ross as an
epigraphist. The Institute's director introduced him to the spectacular new finds from
spring 2002 at the Kerameikos: the kourus by the "Dipylon master" of ca. 600 B.C. and
the other major sculptures found with it. From Athens, he went to Rhodes, since he was
working on a major Rhodian topic; he visited the sites and museums and talked to the
authorities in charge of the Archaeological Service.

In November, he presented a seminar at Berkeley on "Greek Festivals Neglected." He
declined two other invitations: to deliver the keynote address at a conference on "Rome
and Achaia: Greek Culture and Roman Society" (University of Missouri, Columbia), and
to attend a symposium at La Coruna, Spain, on "La figura del principe heredero en epoca
helenistica", but agreed to contribute a paper on the Attalid monarchy, to be read and
included in the Proceedings.

At the invitation of the University of Hamburg, he gave in May the main speech at a
memorial for Peter Herrmann, a close colleague and friend who had been his fellow
student since 1950 and was his most active correspondent ever since (the deceased had
twice been a member of the School of Historical Studies). Habicht also wrote his obitu-
ary, to appear in Gnomon.

He worked during the year on the chronology of the eponymous magistrates of Rhodes.
Several hundreds are known for the Hellenistic period, most from amphora stamps, some
fifty from inscriptions on stone. As in previous years, he .spent much time preparing, with
the assistance of Julia Bernheim, the inventory of the Institute's collection of squeezes of
Greek inscriptions, some 25,000. The work resulted this spring in a CD-ROM which was
distributed to interested parties in the U.S. and abroad. He continued to serve on the
Committee for the award of the Jefferson Medal of the American Philosophical Society.

His publications were: "Ein Spartaner namens Sybariadcs?" Hypcrboreua 8, 2002;

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

"Weitere Weihungen Geretteter," Hv/vidoivus 8, 2002. A lar^e miiiihcr ot iicccptcJ
papers still await publication.

PROFESSOR GEORGE KENNAN, now in his 100th year of age, enjoys himselt, when
strength permits, by reading literature, historical and other, which he should have read,
hut did not succeed in reading, many years ago.

When temporarily in Washington at the end ot the 2002 summer, he chose to make a
minor exception to what had been for some years his regular rule and gave brief answers
to two questioners in the seriousness of whose discretion he had confidence. A portion
of those responses, dealing with the predictable efiects of any purely military invasion of
Iraq, was printed in the Letters to the Editor column of The New York Times some seven
months later in their issue of May 16, 2003.

PROFESSOR IRVING LAVIN continues to serve on the editorial boards of a number of
scholarly journals, including Quademi d'italianistica, History of European Ideas, Art e
Dossier, and Palkuiio, rivista di storia dell' architettura e restauro. He participated as a mem-
ber of the Board of Trustees of the SacraTech Foundation at St. Louis University. He
gave a course of lectures at the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici in Naples, and a
number of lectures and papers presented at symposia, including: Accademia Nazionale
dei Lincei, Rome; colloquium "11 Ritratto nell'Europa del Cinquecento," Palazzo Strozzi,
Florence; Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice; Busch Reisinger Museum, Cambridge, Mass.;
Academia Espanola de Historia, Arqueologia y Bella Artes, Rome, Italy. Publications
include: "Les filles d'avignon. Picassos schopferische Summe von Zerstorungen," in
Steingrim Laursen and Ostrud Westheider, eds., Picasso und die Mythen, exhib. cat.,
Hamburg, 2002, 42-55.

PROFESSOR PETER PARET published An Arnst Against the Third Reich: Ernst Barlach,
I933-J938 (Cambridge University' Press, 2003). He contributed two essays, "Bemerk-
ungen zu einem 'seltsamen Freundespaar'" and "Zehii unbekannte Briefe Barlachs" to
Ernst Barlach im Kurutsalon und Verlag Paul Cassirer, ed. Volker Probst and Helga Thieme,
Giistrow, 2003, the catalogue of the exhibition of Barlach's works on which he collabo-
rated and which opened on June 15, 2003. He also wrote an essay "Crossing Borders,"
which appeared in Histonca(l\ Speaking, IV, 2 (November 2002), as well as reviews in the
American Historical Revieu* and in Central European History.

Professor Paret has begun work on a new project in German cultural history, and is writ-
ing papers on historiography and on the methodology of interdisciplinary studies for
delivery at conferences in the fall and winter of 2003 in this country and in Europe.

PROFESSOR MORTON WHlTE's book, A Phibsophy of Culture: The Scope of Holistic
Pragmatism, was published in 2003 by Princeton University Press, which has agreed to
publish a volume of his essays entitled Selected Studies in Philosophy arui the History of Ideas.
During three weeks in October, 2002, Professor White delivered three invited lectures at
Keio University in Tokyo on holistic pragmatism in science, ethics, and epistemology;
and in May, 2003, his essay, "Tolstoy the Empirical Fox", appeared in Raritan: A Quarter-
ly Review, published at Rutgers University. He continues to work on a study of the
decline and fall of classical rationalism from Descartes to the twentieth century, and to
serve on the Council of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.

Institute for advanced study

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES
MEMBERS, VISITORS, AND RESEARCH STAFF

ELI ALSHECH

Islamic History

Institute for Advanced Study ■ a

ROBERT ANDERSON

History of Science, History of Museums

Brjti>h Museum

ISABELLA ANIX)RLINI

Classics

Istituto Papirologico G. Vitelli, Florence • /

JEAN ANDREAU

Ancient History

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales • /

STEPHEN BENSCH
Medieval History
Swarthmore College • s

BENJAMIN BINSTOCK
Dutch 1 7lh-Century Art History
New York University

CONSTANCE BOUCHARD
Medieval History
University of Akron

GREGORY CLARK

Medieval Manuscript Illumination

University of the South ■ s

GETZEL COHEN

Classics

University of Cincinnati • v, s

WILLIAM CONNELL
Early Modem Europe
Seton Hall University

JOHN CONNELLY

Modem East Centra/ European History

University of California, Berkeley

ANGELA CREAGER
History of Science
Princeton University ■ v

EMMA DENCH

Ancient History

Birkbeck College, University of London

MARIA PIA DI BELLA

Anthropology

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris • v

ROBIN FLEMING
Ear(\ Medieval History'
Boston College

KATHERINE FRENCH

Medieval History

State University of New York, New Paltz ■ v

MARIA FUSARO
Ear/31 Modem Europe
University of Chicago • s

AZA GOUDRIAAN
Ear/31 Modem Ideas
University of Leiden ■ /

JAMES CRIER
Medieval Musicology
University of Western Ontario

CHARLES (MARK) HAXTHAUSEN
History of ZOth-Century Art and Criticism
Williams College • /

RANDOLPH HEAD

Early Modem Europe

University of California, Riverside • /

HU YING

Ear/31 Modem Chinese Literature and Culture

University of California, Irvine

THOMAS HUBBARD

Classics

University of Texas, Austin • /

BABER JOHANSEN

Islamic Studies, History of Law

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales

a Research Assistant • / First Term ■ j Joint with School of Social Science • s Second Term ■ v Visitor

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

THOMAS JOHANSEN
Ancient Philosophy, Classics
Universit>' of Edinburgh

JOAN JUIXIE

Mixieni Chmesf C»/ti<rui Historv. Print Culture.

and Women s Historv

University of California, Santa Barbara • v

JOSHUA KATZ
/nJo-European Studies, Classics
Princeton University

MARTIN KERN

Early Chinese Literature and History

Princeton Universit>'

CHRISTINA KRAUS

Classics

University of Oxford, Oriel College ■ f ■ v,s

JOACHIM KURTZ

C/iinese /ntellectiw/ History'. Tramlation Studies,

Historical Senwnrics

University of Erlangen

CHARLES KURZMAN
Comparative Historical Sociology
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

NINO LURAGHI
Ancient History
Harvard University • s

ARNALDO MARCONE
Ancient History
University of Udine ■ /

RUDOLPH M.ATTHEE

Islamic Middle East, Iran (1 6th- 19th Century)

University of Delaware

M. SAIT OZERVARLl

fskinic InteKectiui/ Historv

Center tor islamic Studies, Istanbul

MARIAM IXISSAL PANJWANl
Lkhan and Maritime History
University of Mumbai

LESLIE PEIRCE
Ottonwn Studies
University at California, Berkeley

OLAF PETERS

20t/i-Centurii An History and Art Theory

University of Bonn

WOLFGANG SEIBEL
Political Science , Holocaust
University of Konstan: • s

HUGH SHAPIRO
Modem Chinese History
University of Nevada, Reno • / ■ v,s

DAVID M. STONE

Italian Baroque Art Historv and Theory

University of Delaware

ZEEV WEISS

Roman and B\;annne Art and Archaeology

TTie Hebrew University of Jerusalem • /

ANDRE WINK

Historv of India

University of Wisconsin, Madison • /

RAPHAEL WOOLF
Ancient Philosoph\
Harvard University

ELISABETH MEGIER

Historv of Medieval Historiography and Exegesis

Independent Scholar

MARTIN MULSOW
Early Modem Ideas
University of Munich

MIKA NATIF

History of Art

Institute for Advanced Study • a, s

a Research Assistant • /First Term ■ j Joint with School of Social Science • s Second Term • v Visitor

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES
RECORD OF EVENTS

The following is a calendar of events sponsored by
the School of Historical Studies

Academic Year 2002-03

Seprembcr 30

Historical Studies Liinchtime Colloquium:

Introductions

October 2

School Lecture: "Pope Pius XII and the

Holocaust"

ROBERT WISTRICH, Hebrew Umversity,

JernsaL'm

October 7

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Democracy Denied, 1905-1915: Intellectuals
and the Fate of Constitutional Revolutions"
CHARLES KURZMAN, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill; Member, School of
Historical Studies

October 8

East Asian Studies Seminar: "It Returns Our

Calls: The Use and Abuse of Memory in a

Chinese Community"

QIN SHAO, The College of New Jersey

Medieval Seminar: "The Casta of the Bishops
of Auxerre in the Ninth Century"
CONSTANCE BOUCHARD, University of
Akron; Member, School of Historical Studies

Ocniber 14

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Euripides' Chrysippus and the Problematiza-

tion of Pederasty in Athenian Democratic

Discourse"

THOMAS HUBBARD, University of Texas.

Austin; Member, School of Historical Studies

October 18

Empire Group: "TTie Early Roman Empire"
EMMA DENCH, Rtrkheck College. University
of London; Member, School of Historical Studies

October 2 1

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Patjcs, Proofs, and Caravajjgio's Grand Master:
The Wifjnacourt Porttait Re-Examined"
DAVID STONE, University o/Dc(aivare;
Member, School of Historical Studies

October 22

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Japanese
Historical Fiction about China: On
Translating Shiba Ryotaro into English"
JOSHUA FOGEL, University of California.
Santa Barbara; Mellon Visiting Professor,
School of Histoncal Studies

Medieval Seminar: "Corruption in the
Twelfth-Century Bokhara"
BABER JOHANSEN, Ecole des Hautes Eludes
en Sciences Sociales, Pans; Member, School of
Historical Studies

Ocr..lvr :s

Empire Group: "The Ottoman Empire"
LESLIE PEIRCE, University o/Cali/oniia,
Berkeley; Member, School of Historical Studies

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Uses of Poetry in Early China"
MARTIN KERN, Pnnceton University;
Member, School of Historical Studies

Novfuiber 4

Empire Group: "A Sociological Apptoach to

the Rise and Fall of Empires"

CHARLES KURZMAN, University of North

Carolina, Chapel Hill; Member, School of

Historical Studies

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"What Changes When Words Change:
Nervousness in Modem China"
HUGH SHAPIRO, University of Nevada.
Reno; Member, School of Historical Studies

November 5

TTie Islamicist Seminar: "The Legal Person:

Proprietor or Believer.'"

BABER JOHANSEN, Ecole des Hautes Etudes

en Sciences Sociales. Pans; Member, School of

Historical Studies

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Mapping

Peking"

SUSAN NAQUIN, Pnnceton L'niversity

THE SCHOOL OF H1ST0RK:AL STLIPIES

NoveniK-r I 1

Empire Group: "Safavid Attitudes to Subject

Peoples"

RULX^LPH MATTHEE, University of

Delaware: Member. School of Historictd Sttulit's

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Mechanics, Museums, and Exhibitions:
The Utility ot Coilectintj"
ROBERT ANDERSON, British Museum;
Mcmfvr, School of Historical Studies

November 18

Empire Group: "Indian Empires"
ANDRE WINK, University of Wisconsin,
MaJison; Member, School o/ Historical Studies

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"The Sphinx: A Greek Monster's Indian

Background"

JOSHUA KATZ, Princeton University;

Member, School of Historical Stupes

Novciiibcr W

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Matching

Names and Actualities: Translation and the

Discover^' of 'Chinese Logic'"

JOACHIM KURTZ, Universit:y o/Eriangen;

MeJTiter, School of Historical Studies

November 25

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"The Old Testament, History, and the Church

(Latin Christian Historians and Exegetes,

Patristic and Medieval)"

ELISABETH MEGIER, Independent Schokr.

Member, School of Historical Studies

November 26

Medieval Seminar: "Hugh of Fleury and the
Spiritual Understanding ot the Bible"
ELISABETH MEGIER^ Independent Scholar:
Mevnher, School of Historical Studies

December 2

Empire Group: "Justifications of Conquest"
PATRICIA CRONE, Professor, School of
Historical Studies

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Crafts and Craftpersons of Kutch"
MARIAM DOSSAL PANJWANl, University-
ofMumhai: Member, School of Historical Studies

December ^

East Asian Studies Seminar: "How Different

are Chinese and Western Medicine?

The Case of Neurasthenia"

HUGH SHAPIRO, University of Nevada,

Keno; Mem/vr, School of Historical Studies

Medieval Seminar: "John ot Salisbury' and the

Bible"

JULIE BARRAU, Indt-pendent Scholar

December ^'

School Lecture: "A European (British)
View of the Struggle Against Terrorism"
GENERAL LORD GUTHRIE, Fonner L'nited
Kingdom Chiej of Defense

Empire Group: "Siam"

NEIL ENGLEHART, La/a>ette College;

Member, School of Socicd Science

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Between Impressionism and Cubism:

Carl Einstein's Bebuquin, err Dilettantes of the

Miracle"

CHARLES (MARK) HAXTHAUSEN,

VC'illiams College; Member, School of Historical

Studies

LVcember 1 1

The Islamicist Seminar: "Who and What

Were the Orang Laut?"

ANDRE WINK, University of Wisconsin,

Madison; Member, School of Historical Stitdies

IVcfnilvr lo

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"The Zodiac in Ancient Jewish Art:

The Dual Meaning of a Symbol"

ZEEV WEISS, The Hebrew; University of

Jerusalem: Member, School of Historical Studies

December 1 7

Medieval Seminar: "Broadening the Narrative
in Early Medieval History: Incorporating
the Evidence of Paleoarchaeology in Anglo-
Saxon History"

ROBIN REMING, Boston College: Member,
School of Historical Studies

Januar\- 13

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

Introductions

J.inuar\ 14

East Asian Studies Seminar: "TTie Geopolitics
of 'Sacred Ground' in Postwar Okinawa"
GERALD FIGAL, University o/Delaivare

Institute for advanced study

Januar>' 20

Historical Studies Lunchtime Collcxquium:

"Deutsche Frage and Reformation:

A New Approach"

WILLIAM CONNELL, Setm Hall Unwershy.

Member, School of Hisioncal Studies

January 27

Empire Group: "Chinese Concepts of Imperial

Government"

BENJAMIN ELMAN, Princeton Unii'ersir*

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:
"Beauty and Truth"
BENJAMIN BINSTOCK, New York
Universit;y; Member, School of Historical Studies

January 28

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Who Buried

Qiujin?"

HU YING, University of California, Irvine;

Member, School of Historical Studies

Februar\' )

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Wine in Early Modem Iran: Ritual, Pleasure,

and Proscription"

RUDOLPH MATTHEE, University of

Delaware; Member, School of Historical Studies

February 7 - S

East Asian Studies Workshop: "Is it Really

Like Kissing TTirough a Handkerchief?

Reading and Translation from Chinese and

Japanese"

"On the Tasks of the Translator"

JOSHUA FOGEL, University of California.

Santa Barbara; Me//on Visiting Professor, School

of Historical Studies

Translating from Premodem Chinese and

lapanese:

"Rose or Jade? Piohlems of Translating

Medieval Chinese Literature"

DAVID KNECHTGES, University of

Washington

"Tlie Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Expletives,

Misprision, and Pidgin in Zeami's

Performance Notes"

THOMAS HARE, Princeton University

Translating from Modem and Contemporary

Chinese:

"The Early Translations of Western Fiction

into Chinese"

PATRICK HANAN, Hari-ard University

"Why and How Non-Existent Mirrors Are

Useful: My View of Translation"

PERRY LINK, Princeton University

Translating Contemporary lapanese Fiction:

"Conveying the Author's Voice: Translating

Style"

JOHN NATHAN. University ofCalifomia.

Santa Barbara

"No Smoking: What to Do When the Author

Gets it Wrong"

JAY RUBIN, Harvard University

Lingering Theoretical Problems:

"Translating; or. What Do You Do with the

Remainder?"

LAWRENCE VENUTl, Temple University

February 10

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colkxjuium:
"Mutations of the Year 800: Was Charle-
magne Really a Glorious Turning Point?"
CONSTANCE BOUCHARD, University of
Akron; Member, Schoo/ of Historical Studies

Februar>' 14

Empire Group: "Empires and Mercenaries"
NINO LURAGHI, Harvard University;
Member, School of Historical Studies

February 18

Medieval Seminar: "Women and the Liturgy
in the Late Medieval English Parish"
KATHERINE FRENCH, State University of
New York, New Pakz; Visitor, Sc/iool of
Historical Studies

February' 24

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Traders, Pirates, Warriors: Greeks in the

Levant in the Early Iron Age"

NINO LURAGHI, Harvard University;

Member, School of Historical Studies

March 3

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"How to Bury A Revolutionary: Biography,

Epigraphy, Calligraphy"

HU YING, L'niversity of California, Irvine;

Member, School of Historical Studies

March 4

Medieval Seminar: "Sorting Out the Family:

Power, Kinship, and Conflict in Early

Catalonia"

STEPHEN BENSCH, Su-arthmore College;

Member, School oj Historical Studies

M.irch 5

SchtKil Lecture: "American Foreign Policy In

an Age of Preeminence"

STROBE TALBOTT, Brookin^js Institution

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

March 10

Historical Studies Lunclinme C^ilKviumm;

"Family and Constitution in Modem Egyptian

Law"

BABER JOHANSEN, Ecok des Hautes Erndes

en Sciences Sociales. Pans; Memher, School of

Historicd Studiei

March 1 1

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Early Chinese
Aesthetics of Pi>etrv and Persuasion"
MARTIN KERN, Pnnceion University;
Metnfcer, School of Historical Sttidies

Medieval Seminar: "Manuscript Painting in
Pans and Rouen During the English
Occupation ( 14 W- 1449)"
GREGORY CLARK, L'niivrsit> of the South:
Member, School of Historical Studies

March 17

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Venetians, English, and Greeks:

A Reassessment ot Eastern Mediterranean

Trade in the Early Modem Period"

MARIA FUSARO, University of Chicago:

Member, School of Histoncd Studies

March 18

Medieval Seminar: "Castiglione, Signer
Gasparo, and the Lombard Nobility"
WILLIAM CONNELL, Seton Hall University:
Member, School of Historical Sti«lies

March 24

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium:

"Ad^mar de Chabannes (989-1034),

Monastic Musician Extraordinaire"

JAMES GRIER, University of Western Ontario:

Member, School of Historical Studies

March 25

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Cosmology,

Civilization, and the Meanings of Female

Virtue in Late Qing China"

JOAN JUDGE, University of Calif ontia, Santa

Barbara; Visitor, School of Historical Sttidies

March 26

The Islamicist Seminar: "Ottoman Clothing

Regulations"

MADELINE ZlLFl, University of Maryland

March M

Historical Studies Lunchtime ColUxjuium:

"Polyglotism and (the Ottoman) Empire:

Writing Bigger History"

LESLIE PEIRCE, University of California,

Berkeley: Member, School o/ Historical Studies

April 1

East Asian Studies Seminar: "Nalan Xingde's

(1655-1685) Appreciation of Chinese

Calligraphy and Pictorial Art"

ERLING VON MENDE, Free University of

Berlin

April :

The Islamicist Seminar: "Ottoman Kalam"

M. SAIT OZERVARLI, Center /or Islamic

SiiiiJies, Istanbul: Member, School of Historical

Studies

April 14

Empire Group: "Attitudes to the Greeks in

Hellenistic Egypt"

GETZEL COHEN, University of Cincinnati;

Visitor, School of Historical Studies

April 2 1

Empire Group: "The Achaemenids"
SUSANNA EBBINGHAUS, Research Felbw,
Gerda Henkel Stiftung

Apni :s

Empire Group: "The Ottomans"
STEPHEN BENSCH, Swanhmore College;
Member. School of Historical Studies

May 1

School Lecture: "Early Years at the School of

Historical Studies"

GEORGE DYSON, Director's Visitor

May 21

Empire Group: "Imperial Government in

Antiquity"

MICHAEL MAAS, Rice University; former

Member, School of Historical Studies

In addition to the events listed above, some groups also met informally. This included weekly
gatherings over lunch for Members and Visitors in art history and classics, who met to discuss
ongoing projects and the specific problems encountered in their research. Individual Faculty
members also occasionally arranged other informal gatherings or talks by invited speakers.
Although these do not appear on the above list, these informal gatherings also played an impor-
tant role in the intellectual life of the School.

^^^^^0^1

_^_^_ _ 3

[

he Institute provides unrivaled

conditions for conducting research.
The focus on research and the quietness
allow you to start long-term programs
and learning cycles . "

— Member, School of Mathematics

Robert Lan^nds, Profesior in the School of Mathenuitics , in his office in Fuld Hail

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

Faculty

ENRICO BOMBIERI, IBM ion Neumann Professor

JEAN BOURGAIN

PIERRE DELlCiNE

ROBERT P. LANGLANDS, Ht-munn Weyl Professor

ROBERT D. M.kTIIERSON

THOMAS SPENCER

VLADIMIR VOEVODSKY

AVI WIGDERSON

Professors Emeriti

ARMAND BOREL
ATLE SELBERG

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

This year's special program in the School of Mathematics concentrated on applied math-
ematics and was entitled "Stochastic Partial Differential Equations and Models of Turbu-
lence". Weinan E (Princeton University) and Gregory Falkovich (Weizmann Institute
of Science), were the main organizers together with the School of Mathematics. Other
senior participants included John Ball (Oxford), Krzysztof Gawedzki (Lyon), Massimo
Vergassola (Nice), and Homg-Tzer Yau (NYU). Approximately 20 of the School's mem-
bers actively participated in this program.

The aim of this program was to bring together researchers from mathematics, physics, and
fluid mechanics to explore mathematical aspects of fluid flow, especially those motivated
by turbulence. Although the problem of three-dimensional turbulence has been exten-
sively studied over the past century, our mathematical understanding of important issues
such as regularity, intermittency, and coherent structures is still primitive. For this rea-
son there has been a surge of activity and progress on a more tractable class of differen-
tial equations with random coefficients which are expected to share some of the same fea-
tures observed in three-dimensional turbulence. Such models include advection by a pas-
sive scalar and the randomly driven Burgers equation. Tliis year's program built upon this
progress and extended it to include new directions of research.

The major topics covered in this year's program were broader than initially anticipated
and included the following:

1 ) Advection of passive scalar

2) Wave turbulence

3) Stochastically driven Burgers equation

4) The structure of invariant measures for Navier Stokes and related PDE

5) Theory and numerics of transition pathways in rough landscapes

6) Modeling neural activity of the visual cortex

7) Description of inertial particles in incompressible flows.

Institute for advanced study

TTiere were approximately two-to-three seminars per week in which the senior partici-
pants gave expositor^' lectures about their work and junior Members elaborated on the
ideas which they presented informally at the start of the term. In addition, there were
several minicourses on various aspects of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics covering
topics such as "weak turbulence" and "energy landscapes and rare events". Other infor-
mal meetings addressed uniqueness and regularity of invariant measures which provide a
statistical description of chaotic flows.

TTiere were three conferences during this program. The first concerned "Stochastic and
multi-scale problems in the Sciences". The purpose of this conference was to bring
together leading scientists from several disciplines including biology, chemistry, complex
fluids, material sciences, and mathematics to exchange ideas and to identif\' common
themes and new frontiers of further research. TTie second conference entitled "Confer-
ence on Stochastic Differential Equations" was more mathematical in character and was
devoted to the analysis of qualitative properties of solutions of stochastic partial differen-
tial equations that arise in applications. The last conference focused on models of turbu-
lence and brought together both theorists and experimentalists to discuss the present state
of the field and to offer unifying approaches to the analysis of non-equilibrium systems.
Topics included general turbulence theory, singularity formation in fluids, mixing, and the
distribution of inertial particles (such as water vapor) in turbulent flows. Finally, there was
a one-day workshop devoted to examining the role of noise in neural networks.

Highlights of the research in special programs:

D. Cai made significant progress modeling the neural activity of the visual cortex. In the
recent work, he and his collaborators have been able to go beyond the usual models of
mean dynamics and include fluctuations which are crucial for an understanding of many
phenomena.

H.-T. Yau proved new results about logarithmic fluctuations of the bulk diffusion for a
class of two-dimensional interacting particle systems. TTiese results imply the lack of a
classical hydrodynamic scaling. In another paper, he has also established significantly
longer time scales for the transport of a quantum particle in a weak random potential.

Another area of activity at the Institute concerned the behavior of inertial finite si:e par-
ticles in an incompressible random flow. This has been a very active field of activity at the
Institute this year and was studied from both a theoretical and applied perspective. Of par-
ticular physical interest are mechanisms for accelerated formation of rain in warm clouds.
A key ingredient of this work is understanding the clustering of inertial particles on multi-
fractal dynamical sets and incorporating this structure into certain kinetic equations. This
work was carried out by J. Bee, G. Falkovich, K. Gawedzki, M. Stepanov, and others.

Weinan E, W. Ren, and E. Vanden Eijnden have developed the theoretical foundation
and numerical methods for studying the transition between metastable configurations
with rough energy landscapes. In this situation, the conventional Went:el-Freidlin
theory is not practical. The new framework extends standard potential theory by exploit-
ing the spectral gap between small eigenvalues associated with the metastable states and
the larger eigenvalues associated with relaxation processes. This approach has been suc-
cessfully applied to numerous problems in material sciences and chemistry and is now
being used to study transition pathways in protein dynamics.

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

Seminars

TTiere was a weekly seminar in classical statistical mechanics. David SherrlnKtun
(Oxford) was here tor the tall term and John Cardy (Oxford) and Stanislav Smimov
(KTH StiKkholm) were here during the spring term. Both Cardy and Sherrington had
joint appomtments in the School of Natural Sciences. Sherrington spoke aK)ut "Statis-
tical physics of non-equilihrium disordered and frustrated many body problems". Cardy
and Smimov gave expository talks about remarkable progress on scaling limits of two-
dimensional statistical mechanics models at the critical temperature.

During the fall term, a seminar entitled "Arnold diffusion" was organized by Dmitry Dol-
gopyat and Vadim Kaloshin. This seminar concerned the long-time behavior of chaotic
motions from both a deterministic and probabilistic perspective. It provided an interest-
ing complement to the themes ot the special program. The organizers gave talks about
variational geometric approaches to Arnold diffusion, and Jean Bourgain gave an infinite
dimensional version ot this diffusion. During the second term, Percy Deift (NYU) and
Emma Previato (Boston University) organized a seminar on "Aspects of integrability"
which covered such diverse topics as the spectral theory of random matrices, and Gro-
mov-Witten theory and solutions in algebraic geometry.

TTie Number Theory Seminar was organized jointly with Princeton University and Rut-
gers University. Among the highlights of this seminar were talks by P. Samak (Prince-
ton) on "Classical versus quantum fluctuations for the modular surface" and by H.
Iwaniec (Rutgers) on "Exceptional zero and prime numbers".

The program in theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics engaged in inten-
sive research covering almost all areas of theoretical computer science as well as many
directions in combinatorics. Some particular topics include de-Randomization, proof
complexity, quantum computing, and communication complexity. Altogether the pro-
gram included four senior Members (Arora, Raz, Razborov, Rockmore) and eight post-
doctoral Members. Some 25 people came to visit for a short time ranging from a few days
to one month. TTie main educational component of the program consisted of two week-
ly seminars. One of them was quite traditional (guest speakers, one hour talks), whereas
the second was much more informal and specifically designed as a venue for the program's
residents to present more detailed expositions of their research.

The Marston Morse Memorial Lectures entitled "Motivic Algebraic Geometry" were
delivered by Fabien Morel (Universite de Paris, Jussieu). This was a series of three expos-
itory lectures on the homotopy theory for algebraic varieties with applications to the
proof of the Milnor Conjecture.

In August 2002, Vladimir Voevodsky received one of two Fields Medals awarded in
Beijing, China for his work in developing new cohomology theories for algebraic varieties
thereby providing new insights into number theory and algebraic geometry.

Enrico Bombieri was elected a Fellow of the European Academy of Sciences.

Next year's special program "Analysis and non-linear PDE's" will be led by Carlos Kenig
(U. Chicago) and Jean Bourgain. Topics include dispersive Hamiltonian systems, equa-
tions with critical nonlinearity, and the structure of singularity formation. The following
year, Vladimir Voevodsky will lead a program on the Bloch-Kato conjecture relating
Milnor's K-theory and etale cohomology.

THE SCHOOL
MEMBERS

OF MATHEMATICS
AND VISITORS

SANJEEV ARORA

Complexity Theory, Approximation

Princeton University ■ v

YURI BAKHTIN

Mathematical. Statistical Hydrodynamics
International Institute of Earthquake Prediction
Theory, Russia

ALEXANDER BALK

Wave Turbulence, Nonlinear Phenomerm

University of Utah

JOHN BALL

Calculus of Variations , Materials Science,

Nonlinear PDEs

University of Oxford

JEREMIE BEC

Turbulence

Observatoire de Nice, France • s

JOEL BELLAICHE
Automorphic Forms
Ecole Normale Superieure Paris, France ■ /

SIMON BRENDLE

Applied Mathematics, Probability

Universitat Tubingen, Germany • i

JARED BRONSKI

Applied Math , Nonlinear Waives

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign • s

SHENOU CAI

Nonlinear Dispersive Waves

Courant Institute, New York University

JOHN CARDY

Staristical Mechanics, Non-equilibrium Systems

All Souls College, University of Oxford • j, s

ANA-MARIA CASTRAVET

Algebraic Geometry

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

AMIT CHAKRABARTI

Complexity' Theory and Approximation Algorithms

Princeton University

ADRIAN CLINCHER
String Dualities
Columbia University • ;

PERCY DEIFT

Inte^able Systeim and Spectral Theory
Courant Institute, New York University • s

LUCIA Dl VIZIO

Differential and Q-difference Equations

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,

France

JONATHAN DIMOCK
Constructive Quantum Field Theory
State University of New Yotk, Buffalo • /

ZINDINE DJADLI
Geometric Anal\sis
Universite de Cergy-Pontoise, France • v

DMITRY DOLGOPYAT

Statistical Properties of Dynamical Systems

Pennsylvania State University

WEINAN E

Fluid Equations, Imcompressihle Flows

Princeton University

MICHAEL ELKIN
Algonthmics, Graph Theory
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

GREGORY FALKOVICH

Turbulence Theory

Wei:mann Institute of Science, Israel

IBRAHIM FATKULLIN

Stochastic Forcing

Courant Institute, New York University

KRZYSZTOF GAWEDZKl

Mat/iematical Physics

Ecole Normale Superieure do Lyon, France ■ s

* On leave academic year
dvp DistinKuished Visiting Professor /First Term i Vchlen Research Instructorship ■ 5 Second Term • v Visitor

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

MARK GORESKY
Geometry, Automorphic Forms
Institute fot Advanced Study

NADYA GUREVICH

Automorphic Forms

Institute tor Advanced Study ■ i

VILLE HAKULINEN

Passiitr Aditction

Institul Mittag-Leffler, Sweden

PHILLIP HOLMES
Applied Dyrxamical Systems
Princeton University • s

VADIM KALOSHIN

Dynamical Systems

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

TAKASHl KIMURA
Intersection Theory
Boston University

HARTMUT KLAUCK

Quantum Computing

Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica,

TTie Netherlands

MUTHUKRISHNAN KRISHNAMURTHY

Automorphic Forms

Purdue University, West Lafayette

LING LONG

Number Theory, Algebraic Geometry

Pennsylvania State University

JOHN LUECKE
Lou/'dimensioruil Topology
University of Texas, Austin

ANDREA MALCHIODI

Nonlinear Analysis

Institute for Advanced Study

JONATHAN MATTINGLY
Stochastic PDEs
Stanford University

KEVIN McGERTY
Geomemc Representation Theory
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

PAUL MELVIN

Lm'-(iimeivsioiui/ Topology, Qi^ntum Topology

Br>'n Mawr College • v, / • s

TAKURO MOCHIZUKI

Algeln-aic Geometry

Institute tor Advanced Study

FENGBO HANG HEE OH

Geometric Aruilysis. Partial Differential Equatioi\s Discrete Subgroups

Institute for Advanced Study • i Princeton University

LUKE PEBODY
Combinatorics, Graph Theory
University of Memphis

JULIA PEVTSOVA
Modular Representation Theory
Northwestern University

JONATHAN PILA

Number Theory

University of Melbourne, Australia

EMMA PREVIATO

Moduli Spaces. Differential Equations

Boston University

GEORGES RACINET

Multiple Zeta Values. Multiple Polylogarilhms

Institut fiir Mathematik, Germany ■ /

RANRAZ

Complexity Theory

Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel • /

ALEXANDER RAZBOROV
Theoretical Computer Science
Institute for Advanced Study

ODED REGEV

Approximation Methods, Scheduling

Institute for Advanced Study

OMER REINGOLD

Cryptography, Computational Complexity

Institute for Advanced Study ■ v

* On leave academic year
dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor ■ / First Term i Veblcn Research Instructorship s Second Term • i- Visitor

Institute for advanced study

WEIQING REN

Scientific Computation

Courant Institute, New York University

DANIEL ROCKMORE
Fast Fourier Transforms
Dartmouth College ■ /

IGOR RODNIANSKI

Schrodmger Evolution, Geometric Analysis

Princeton University • /

DAVID SHERRINGTON
Many Body Systems
University' of Oxford • j, f

NADYA SHIROKOVA
Differential Geometry, Topology
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

ADAM SIKORA

Low-dimensional Topology

Centre de Recherches Mathematiques, Canada • s

STANISLAV SMIRNOV

Complex and Harmonic Analysis

Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden • s

ERIC SOMMERS
Repreientatiun Theory
Harvard University

MIKHAIL STEPANOV

Prohahilily

Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russia

YEN-HSI TSAI

Numerical AnaKsis

University of California, Los Angeles ■ i

ERIC VANDEN EIJNL^iEN

Applied Mathematics

Courant Institute, New York University ■ v, f ■ s

MASSIMO VERGASSOLA

Stansrical Physics

Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France ■ s

WEI-MIN WANG

Ana/>sis and Mathematical Physics

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

XIAOMING WANG

PDEs

Courant Institute, New York University ■ /

ANDREW WILES

Algebraic Number Theory

Princeton University and Institute for Advanced

Study • s

HUl XUE

Special Values of L-series

Columbia University

HORNG-TZER YAU

Mathematical Physics

Courant Institute, New York University ■ s

BENJAMIN SUDAKOV
Combinatorics
Princeton University • s

TOUFIC SUIDAN

Probability Theory

Courant Institute, New York University

XIAODONG SUN

Computer Science

Rutgers University, Piscataway

TOMOHIDE TERASOMA

Hodge Theory

University of Tokyo, Japan

* On leave academic year
dvp Distinguished VisiriniL! ProfcssDf ■ / First Term ■ i Veblcn Research Insirucinrship * SoccmJ Term i' Visitor

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS
RECORD OF EVENTS

The following is a calendar of events sponsored hy
the School of Mathematics

Academic Year 2002-Oi

SeptemK'r ^

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Derandomi:ing Polynomial Identity Tests Means

Proving Circuit Lower Bounds"

VALENTINE KABANETS, L'nivm.t> ofCdifomia.

San Diego

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:
"A Switching Lemma for Small Restrictions and
Lower Ekiunds tor k-DNF Resolution"
RUSSELL IMPAGLIAZZO, L'niversiry ofCaUfomia.
San Diego

September 17

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Mixing in Time and Space on the Integer Lattice:

A Combinatorial View'"

DROR WEITZ, L'nivmit>' ofCdifomia. Berkeley

September 23

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Phase Transitions for Random Processes"

JOEL SPENCER, Cowrant Institute of Mathematical

Scierxces, New York University

Computet Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:
"Topological Lower Bounds for the Chromatic
Number: A Hierarchy"
JlRl MATOUSEK, Charles University. Prague

September 24

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 111:

"Proving Integrality Gaps without Knowing the

Linear Program"

SANJEEV ARORA, Prrnceton University; Visitor,

School of Mathematics

September 26

Special Seminar: "On the Cohomology of Arithmetic
Manifolds: Vanishing and Nonvanishing Results"
JOACHIM SCHWERMER, University of Vienna

September 27

Short Talks by PostdiKtotal Members: "Modular

Forms and Representation Theory"

JOEL BELLAiCHE, Ecoie Normak Sup&rieure,

Pans, Memher, School o/ Mat/iemaiics; NADYA

GUREVICH, Member, School of Mathematics;

MATHUKRISHNAN KRISHNAMURTHY,

Purdue University. West Lafayette: Member. School of

Mat/ienuitics; HEE OH, Pnnceton Universiiv; Member.

School of Mathematics; and HUl XUE, Columbia

University; Member, School o/ Mat/iematics

Septembet 30

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"L')imension Reduction in the 1_1 Norm"
MOSES CHARIKAR, Princeton University

Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members: "Algebraic
Geometry and Geometric Representation Theory"
ANA-MARIA CASTRAVET, MassachMseits Institute
o/ Technology; Member, School of Matherrtatics; LING
LONG, Penm^li'ania State L'niversitv; Member. School
o/Matherruirics; KEVIN McGERTY, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology : Member, School of Mathematics;
TAKURO MOCHIZUKI, Member, School of
Mathematics; JULIA PEVTSOVA, Northwestern
University; Member, School of Mathematics; and ERIC
SOMMERS, Harvard University; Member, School of
Mathematics

October 1

Computet Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Quantum Security in the Bounded Storage Model"

HARTMUT KLAUCK, Centrum I'oor Wiskunde en

Informatica. The Netherlands; Member. School of

Mathematics

Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members: Algebra and
Geometry

Institute for advanced study

October 3

Short Talks by Junior Members: Analysis

"Asymptotic Limits of Perturbed Gia:burg-Landau

Systems"

IBRAHIM FATKULLIN, Courani Insmute of

Mathematical Sciences, New York UnweTsity; Member,

School of Mat/iemarics

"Degenerate Elliptic Operators in Passive Advection"

VILLE HAKULINEN, Institut Mittag-Leffler, Sweden;

Member, School of Mathematics

"Approximation of Sobolev Mappings"

FENG BO HANG, Member, School of Mathematics

"Prevalence of Certain Phenomena in Dynamical

Systems"

VADIM KALOSHIN, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology; Member, School of Mathematics

"On Multi-Dimensional Spike Layers"

ANDREA MALCHIODI, Member, School of

Mathevnatics

"Randomly Forced Burgers Equation"

TOUFIC SUIDAN, Courant Institute 0/ Mat/iemarica/

Sciences, New York University; Member. School of

Mathematics

October 4

Short Talks by Junior Members: Computer Science

and Discrete Mathematics

"The Hardness ot Testing Graph Properties"

AMIT CHAKRABARTl, Princeton University;

Member, School of Mat/ienuitics

"Approximating Graph Metrics by Sparse Subgraphs"

MICHAEL ELKIN, Weizmann Institute 0/ Science,

Israel; Member, School of Mathematics

"Quantum Communication Complexity"

HARTMUT KLAUCK, Centrum voor Wiskunde en

Informatica, The Netherlands; Member, School of

Mathematics

"Reconstruction of Finite Groups"

LUKE PEBODY, University of Memphis; Member.

School of Mathematics

"Tradeoff Lower Bounds"

XIAODONG SUN, Rutgers University, Piscataway;

Member, School of Mathematics

Short Talks by Junior Members: Analysis

"Tunable Dynamics and Bistability of Neural

Networks"

DAVID CAl, Courant Institute of Mathematical

Sciences. New York University; Member, School of

Mathematics

"Hyperbolicity and Chaos"

DIMTRY DOLGOPYAT, Pennsylvania State

(Jnit/ersit)!; Member, School of Mathematics

"Stochastic Navier Stokes"

JONATHAN MATTINGLY. Stanford University;

Member, School of Mathematics

"Numerical Methods for the Study of Rare Events"

WEIQING REN, Courant Institute of Mathematical

Sciences, New York University; Member, School of

Mathematics

"Topic in Analysis"

IGOR RODNIANSKI, Princeton University; Member.

School of Mathematics

"Some Aspects of Stochastic Modeling in Complex

Systems"

ERIC VANDEN-EIJNDEN, Courant Institute of

Matherruitical Sciences. New York L/nit'ersit>; Visitor

ai\d Member. School of Mathemarics

October 7

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"TTie Elusiveness of Braess's Paradox: Designing

Networks for Selfish Users is Hard"

TIM ROUGHGARDEN, Cornell Uni*^ersit:#

October 8

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Universally Composable Security: Overview of the

Paradigm and Some Constructions"

RAN CANETTl, IBM Watson Research Center

Oa.. Ivr^'

Geometric Representation Theory Seminar:
"The Peterson Variety and Total Positiviry"
KONSTANZE RIETSCH, King's College, London

October 10

Dynamical Systems Seminar: "Lyapunov Exponents

in Non-Perturbative Regime"

RAPHAEL KRIKORIAN, Ecole Polytechmque

Princeton/IAS/Rutgers Number Theory- Seminar:
"Congruences Involving Non-Tempered Automor-
phic Forms and Bloch-Kato Conjectures"
JOEL BELLAiCHE, Ecole Normale Supeneure, Paris;
Member, School of Mathematics

October 1 1

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Statistical Physics of

Fiber Optics Communications"

MICHAEL CHERTKOV Los Alamos National

Laboratory

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:
"Statistical Integrals of Motion and Anomalous
Scaling in Turbulence"

GREGORY FALKOVICH. Wei^mann Institute of
Science, Israel; Member, School of Mathematics

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

Stochastic Analysis and MixJeling Seminar:
"Generalized Flow and Turbulent Transport"
ERIC VANPEN-EIJNDEN, C.ourant Institute of
Maihcmatical Sciences. New York Unii'ersirv: Visitor
and Member, School of Mathematics

Stix-hastic Analysis and Mixleling Seminar:
"Degenerate Elliptic Operators in Passive Advection"
VILLE HAKULINEN, Institut Mittag-Leffler. Sweden:
Member. School of Mathematics

October 14

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:
"The Hardness of 3-Unitorm H^'pergraph Coloring"
IRIT DINUR. NEC Research

October 1 5

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Time-Space Tradeoff Lower B<.iunds for Randomized

Computation"

XIAODONG SUN, Rutgers University. Piscataway.

MeTnber, School of Mathematics

October 18

Applied Math/Statistical Mechanics Seminar:

"Reduced Dynamics for Stochastically Perturbed

Models"

IBRAHIM FATKULLIN, Courant Instituu of

Mathematical Sciences. New York University; Member,

School of Mathemarics

October 2 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Free and Pseudo-Surjective Functions, and

Provability of Circuit Lower Bounds"

JAN KRAJICEK, deck Academy of Sciences. Prague

Members Seminar: "Some Problems on Entire
Arithmetic Functions"
JONATHAN PILA, L/niuersiry o/MelboMme;
Member, School of Mathematics

October 22

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Time-Space Tradeoff Lower Bounds for Randomized

Computation (Continued)"

XIAODONG SUN, Rutgers University. Piscataway;

Member, School of Mathematics

October 24

Geometric Representation Theory Seminar:
"The Singular Locus of a Schubert Variety"
CHRISTIAN KASSEL, CNRS et L/niversite Louis
Pasteur. Strasbourg

».\tol>er 2S

Applied Math/Statistical Mechanics Seminar:
"Mixleling and Computation ot Tumor Growth"
QING NIE, L 'mi'ersit> of California. Irvine

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Non-Generic ity of
Minimizing Peritxiic Orbits"
DANIEL MASS ART, Cenrro de iniiestigocion en
Mrttematicos, Mexico

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:
"Weak Turbulence"

ALEXANDER BALK. University of Utah; Member.
School o/ Mathematics; DAVID CAI, Courant Institute
o/ Mathemarical Sciences. New York University;
Member, School of Mathematics; GREGORY
FALKOVICH, Weijmann Institute of Science, Israel;
Member, School of Mathcjnatics

October 28

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Random Sub-Problems of a Given Problem"
RAVINDRAN KANNAN, Yale University

October 29

Analysis/Math Physics Seminar: "A Survey of

Quasi-Periodic Localization"

JEAN BOURGAIN, Professor, School of Mathematics

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:
"Derandomizing Special Polynomial Identities via
Cyclotomic Rings"

MANINDRA AGARWAL, Indian Institute of
Technology. India

November 1

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Convergence of Viscosity
Solutions for Random Hamilton-Jacobi Equations"
RENATO ITURRIAGA, Centra de Investigacion en
Matematicas. Mexico

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:
"Energy Landscapes and Rare Events"
PHILLIP GEISSLER, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; WEIQING REN, Courant Institute of
Mathematical Sciences, New York University; Member,
School of Mathematics; and ERIC VANDEN-
EIjNDEN, Courant Insritute o/ Maihemaricoi Sciences,
New York Universit^i; Visitor and Member, School of
Mathematics

Institute for advanced study

Novembver 4

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Non-Linear Versions of Dvoret:ky's Theorem"

ASSAF NAOR, Microsoft Research

Members Seminar: "The Euler-Lagrange Equation

and Minimizers in Elastostatics"

JOHN BALL, University of Oxford: Member.

School of Mathevnatics

Special Seminar: "The Concept of EPR States and
Their Structure"

RAJA VARADARAJAN. New York University and
University of California. Los Angeles

NoveiiihiT S

Analysis/Math Physics Seminar: "The Ultraviolet

Problem for (QED)3"

JONATHAN DIMOCK, State University of New

York. Buffalo: Member. School of Mathematics

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"A Lower Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor

Searching"

AMIT CHAKRABARTI, Princeton University:

Member, School of Matherruitics

November 7

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Variational Approach to

Mather Connecting Theorem and Arnold's Example

of Diffusion"

VADIM KALOSHIN, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology: Member, School of Mathematics

Special Seminar: "Computation of Crystal

Microstructure"

ZHIPING LI, Peking University

November 8

Applied Math/Statistical Physics Seminar: "Various

Fluid Equations and Numerical Tests of Their

Equivalence to Navier Stokes"

GIOVANNI GALLAVOTTI, Universita degli Studi di

Roma. La Saptenza and Rutgers University

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:
"Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations"
JONATHAN MATTINGLY, Stanford University:
Member. School of Mathematics; LAI-SANG
YOUNG, Courani Institute of Mathematical Sciences,
Neu; York University; XIAOMING M. WANG, Iowa
State University; Member, School of Mathematics

November 1 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"How Intractable is the 'Invisible Hand': Polynomial

Time Algorithms for Market Equilibria"

VIJAY VAZIRANI, Georgia Tech

November 12

Analysis/Math Physics Seminar: "MHL") Turbulence"

PETER GOLDREICH, California Institute of

Technology; V'isinng Professor, School of Natural

Sciences

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"A Lower Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor

Searching"

AMIT CHAKRABARTI, Pnnceton University:

Member, School of Mathematics

November 14

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Variational Approach to

Mather Connecting Theorem and Arnold's Example

of Diffusion (Continued)"

VADIM KALOSHIN, Massachusetu Institute of

Technology; Member. School of Mathematics

No\ ember 15

Applied Math/Statistical Physics Seminar: "Statistics

of Fourier Amplitudes in the Kazantsev-Kraichnan

Dynamo Model"

SERGEY NAZARENKO, The University of Warwick

November 18

Members Seminar: "K3 Surfaces vs. Principal G-

bundles on Elliptic Curves, A Comparison of the

Moduli Spaces"

ADRIAN CLINCHER, Columbia University;

Member, Schools of Malhemtirics arui Natural Sciences

November ]■-)

Analysis/Math Physics Seminar: "The Phase Transi-
tion in the Biased Integer Partitioning Problem"
JENNIFER CHAYES, Microsoft Research

November 21

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: 'Tangent Bundle

L^namics"

ENRIQUE PUJALS, Instituto Nacional de Matcmdtica

Pura e Aplicada. Brazil

November 22

Members Seminar: "Asymptotic Stability of N-

Solitons of NLS"

IGOR RODNIANSKI, Princeton L'niversity, Member,

School oj Mathematics

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

NiiveinKT 2^

Computer Science/Discrete M.ith Seminar I:
"Erdiv^-Renyi Scalmg for the n-Cuhe and Beyond"
CHRISTIAN BORGS, Microsoft Reiearch

Computer Science/Discrete Math Semmar II:
"Graphs with Tmy Vector Chromatic Numbers and
Huge Chromatic Numbers"
MICHAEL LANGBERG, Uci^jTumn Imntute of
Science, Israel

NovemK-r 2fi

Analysis/Math Physics Seminar: "Statistical Physics

of Non-Equihbrium Disordered and Frustrated Many

Body Systems"

DAVID SHERRINGTON, L'mVersirv of Oxford;

Member, School of Mathematics

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar III:

"Combinatorial Reconstruction Using Invariant

Pol^Tiomials"

LUKE PEBODY. University of Memphis: Member.

School of Matherruittcs

December 2

Members Seminar: "Suppon Varieties tor Finite

Group Schemes"

JULIA PEVTSOVA, Nort/iu'estem University;

MeiTiber. School of Mathematics

Decembc 3

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Combinatorial Reconstruction Using Invariant

Polynomials (Continued)"

LUKE PEBODY, L'niversirv of Memphis: Member,

School of Mathevnatics

December 5

Arnold Dififusion Seminar: "Geometry of High

Frequency Vibrations"

MARK LEVI, Penn State Universiry

December 6

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Nekhoroshev Estimates

for Stability of Nearly Integrable Hamiltonian

Systems" (An Elementary Introduction)

DMITRY DOLGOPYAT, Pennsylvania State Unitersiry;

Member, School of Mathematics

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "A Lagrangian Proof of

Moser's Twist Theorem"

MARK LEVI, Penn State University

Math Seminar: "Generalized Polynomial Chaos for

Stochastic PDLs"

IX^NGBIN XIU, BrouTi Unii'ersit>

Conference on Stixhastic and Multi-scale Problems
in the Sciences

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Fofbidden Information"

LEONID A. LEVIN, Boston Universiry

December 10

Conference on Stochastic and Multi-scale Problems

in the Sciences

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:
"Inapproximability and Instance Complexity of the
Distributed Minimum Spanning Tree Problem"
MICHAEL ELKIN, Wci;mann Institute of Science,
Israel: Member. School of Mathematics

December 1 1

Conference on Stochastic and Multi-scale Problems

in the Sciences

LVceinber 1 2

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Diffusion in PDE"

JEAN BOURGAIN, Professor. School ofMathemaacs

IVceniber 1 3

Arnold Diffusion Seminar: "Critical Saddle-Node

Bifurcations and Morse-Smale Maps"

BRIAN HUNT, Universiry of Maryland. College Park

December 16

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Derandomizing Low Degree Tests via Epsilon-Biased

Spaces"

ELI BEN-SASSON, Harvard University

Members Seminar: "SL(2,p): Computations,
Quantum Chaos, and Conjectures"
DANIEL ROCKMORE, Dartmouth College: Member.
School of Mathematics

L")ecember 1 7

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:

"Path Algebras for FFTs on Groups"

DANIEL ROCKMORE, Dartmouth College: Member.

School of Mathematics

Institute for advanced study

January' 9

Analysis/Math Physics and Applied Math/Statistical

Physics Seminar: "3D Navier-Stokes and Euler

Equations with Initial Data Characterized by

Uniformly Large Vorticity"

ALEX MAHALOV, Arizona State University

January 13

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Lower Bounds for Matrix Multiplication"
AMIR SHPILKA, Harvard University and
Mossoc/iusetts Institute of Technology

January 14

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:
"New Lattice Based Cryptographic Constructions"
ODED REGEV, Member, School of Mathematics

January 20

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"A Second Threshold for the Hard-Core Model"
PETER WINKLER, Bell Labs

|.inuar\' 2 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:

"Inapproximability of the Distributed Minimum

Spanning Tree Problem"

MICHAEL ELKIN, Weizmann Institute of Science,

Israel; Member, School of Mathematics

January 24

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:
"Three Wave Interaction for Ocean Turbulence?"
ALEXANDER BALK, University of Utah; Member.
School of Mathematics

January' 27

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:
"The Exact Turan Number of rhe Fano Plane"
PETER KEEVASH, Princeton University

Members Seminar: "Asymptotics of Toeplitz and

Hankel Determinants"

PERCY DEIFT, Courant Institute of Mathematical

Sciences, New York University; Member. School of

Mathematics

January 28

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11;

"Perfect Graphs"

PAUL SEYMOUR, Pnnceton University

January' 29

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "Geometric Methods
in Nonlinear Dynamics: A Survey PART 1:
Integrable Hierarchies of Nonlinear PDEs"
EMMA PREVIATO, Boston UniveTsit>'; Member,
School of Mat/iematics

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "Geometric Methods

in Nonlinear Dynamics: A Survey PART 11: ACI

(Algebraically Completely Integrable) Hamiltonian

Systems"

EMMA PREVIATO, Boston University; Member,

School of Mathematics

January 30

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "SLE and Scaling

Limits"

STANISLAV SMIRNOV, Royal Institute of Technology,
Sweden; Member. School of Mathematics

February 3

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"The Number of Directions Determined by n Points

in Space"

JANOS PACH, City College of New York and Ren^i

Institute , Budapest

Members Seminar: "Asymptotics of Toeplit: and

Hankel and Toeplit: Matrices via Riemann Hilbert

Methods"

PERCY DEIFT, Courant Institute o/ Mai/iematica/

Sciences, Netv York University; Member. School of

Mathematics

February 4

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:

"Testing Large Directed Graphs"

NOG A ALON, Tel Avw University

February 6

Statistical Mechanics: "Coulomb Gas Methods for 2d

Critical Behavior"

JOHN CARDY, All Souk College, University of

Oxford; Member, Schools of Mathematics and Natural

Sciences

February 7

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling: "Dimensional

Reduction of Mechanical Systems with Heat Bath"

RAZ KUPFERMAN, Laurence Berkeley National

Laboratory

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

Fehmarv' 10

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1;
"Coloring Products of Graphs, A Fourier Approach"
EHUD FRIEDGUT, Hehrcu' L'ni«'iTsir>' ofjmisiilcm

Stochastic Mixlcliny Sonunar: "Adaptive Predictum

Algorithms"

ALEXANDER CHORIN, L'nu'ersit> ofCcdifomia.

Berkeley

Febni.in- I 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:
"Set-Systems with Restricted $k$-Wise Intersections"
BENNY SUDAKOV, Princeton L'niiersit^; Member.
School of Mat/ienuitics

Fehruar>- 12

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "Random Characteris-
tic Polynomials: Riemann-Hilbert Approach"
EUGENE STRAHOV, Bn^ncl L'nii-ersit^, England

Febru.in 1 i

Princeton/IAS/Rutgers Number Theory Seminar:
"Integral Points on Algebraic Curves and Surfaces"
UMBERTO ZANNIER. Milan

Special Analysis Seminar: "Theory of Continuous

Valuations"

SEMYON ALESKER, Tel Aw Universin and

Universicy of Chicago

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Dimers on Periodic

Planar Graphs"

ANDREI OKOUNKOV, Pnnceton University

February 17

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Chromatic Number of the Plane and its Relatives:

History, Problems, Results"

ALEXANDER SOIFER, D/MACS, Rutgers University

and Unwersiry of Colorado

Members Seminar: "How Rain Starts"
GREGORY FALKOVICH, Weizmmn Institute of
Saence, Israel; Member, School o/ Mathematics

February 18

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"Quantum Time-Space Tradeoffs for Sorting"

HARTMUT KLAUCK, Centrum I'oor Wiskunde en

Informatica. The Netherlaruls: Member. School of

Mathemaacs

February 20

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Stationary Solutions
of Stochastic Differential Equations with Memory"
YURI BAKHTIN, Instiiuie for Advanced Stud>

February 24

Qimputer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Approximation Complexity of MIN-BISECTION

Problems"

MAREK KARPINSKl, L'nn'ersii> of Bonn

February 2S

Computer Science/L^iscrete Math Seminar II:

"Systems of Linear Equations Hard for k-DNF

Resolution"

ALEXANDER RAZBOROV, Member, School of

Mathematics

February 26

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "Solitons and Many-
Body Systems in Algebraic Geometry"
DAVID BEN-ZVI, University of Chicago

February 27

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Superdiffusivity of

Two Dimensional Lattice Gas with Navier-Stokes

Equation as the Formal Limit"

HORNG-TZER YAU, Courant Institute of

Mathcmarical Sciences, New York University; Member,

School of Mathemarics

March 3

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Coin Flipping From a Cosmic Source; or, On Error

Correction of Truly Random Bits"

RYAN O'DONNELL, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Conference on Stochastic Partial Differential
Equations

March 4

Computer Science/Discrete Math Reading Seminar:
"Exponential Lower Bound for 2-Query Locally
Decodable Codes via a Quantum Argument (on the
paper by lordanis Kerenidis and Ronald de Wolf)"
XIAODONG SUN, Rutgers University, Piscataway;
Member, School of Mathematics

Conference on Stochastic Partial Differential
Equations

Institute for advanced study

March 5

Conference of Stochastic Partial Differential

Equations

March 6

Conference of Stochastic Partial Differential

Equations

Joint Princeton/IAS/Rutgers Analysis and Number

Theory: "Combinatorial Measure Theory Problems

Related to the Kakeya Conjecture"

JEAN BOURGAIN, Professor, School of Mathematics

March 7

Conference of Stochastic Partial Differential

Equations

March 10

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:

"Learning Juntas"

ROCCO SERVEDIO, Columhm L'nii'ersii>>

Statistical Mechanics Seminar; "Branched Polymers

and Dimensional Reduction"

JOHN CARDY, All Souls College, Unwersay of

Oxford; Member Schools of Mathematics and Natural

Sciences

March 1 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:

"Long Arithmetic Progressions in Sumsets and

Erdos-Folkman Conjecture"

VAN VU, University of California, San Diego

March 12

Stochastic Analysis and Modeling Seminar:

"Introduction to Hydrodynamic Limit of Interacting

Particle Systems"

HORNG-TZER YAU, Courant Institute of

Mathematical Sciences, New York University; Member,

School of Mathematics

March 1 3

Princeton/IAS/Rutgers Analysis and Number Theory
Seminar: "Exceptional Zero and Prime Numbers"
HENRYK IWANIEC, Rutgers University

March 17

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Chromatic Number of the Plane and Its Relatives:

History, Problems, Results"

ALEXANDER SOIFER, DIMACS, Rutgers University

and University of Colorado

March 18

Computer Science/Discrete Math Reading Seminar:
"Lower Bounds for Multi-Party Set Disjointness"
AMIT CHAKRABARTl, Pnnceion University;
Member, School of Mathematics

March 19

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "On the Spaces of
Flat Connections and L^iagonal Curvatures"
VLADIMIR ZAKHAROV Anjona University

March 20

Conference on Turbulence

March 21

Conference on Turbulence

March 22

Conference on Turbulence

March 24

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Generalized Compact Knapsacks, Cyclic Lattices,

and Efficient One-Way Functions from Worst-Case

Complexity Assumptions"

DANIELE MICCIANCIO, University of California,

San Diego

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 11:
"Discrete Analytic Functions and Global Information
from Local Observation"
LASLO LOVASZ, Microsoft Research

March 25

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar III:

"Algebraic C^onsrraint Satisfaction Problems"

MADHU SUDAN, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar IV:
"List-Decoding Using the XOR Lemma"
LUCA TREVISAN, Berkeley University

March 26

Number Theory Seminar: "Limits of Semi-Stable

Representations"

LAURENT BERGER, Harvard University

Aspects of Integrable Systems Seminar: "Hidden
Symmetries in Integrable Systems and Dynamical
Poisson Groupoids"
LUEN-CHAU LI, Penns-y/vania State Universirv

THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

Aspects oi Integrable Systems Seminar: "Integrable

Chains on Algebraic Curves"

IGOR KRICHEVER, Colmnhw L'niitT5it>

M.iah M

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"On the lmp<.issibiht>- of Dimension Reduction in 11"

BO BRINKMAN, Pnnceton I'mtCTsit?

Marston Morse Memorial Lecture: "Motlvic

Algebraic Topolog>'"

FABIEN MOREL, Imntut dt- Muth^matuju^ de htssieu

Member Seminar; "How Rain Starts"
GREGORY FALKCOVICH, V\"ei:T7Mnn Immuu of
Science, Israel; Member, School of Mathematics

April 1

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:
"Extractors - Optimal Up To Constant Factors"
OMER REINGOLD, .Member, School of Mathematics

April :

Marston Morse Memorial Lecture: "Motivic Algebraic

Topology"

FABIEN MOREL, Imncut de Mathimadque de Jussieu

April ^

Marston Morse Memorial Lecture: "Motivic Algebraic

Topology"

FABIEN MOREL, Institut de Mathematique de }ussieu

April 4

Geometric Representation Theory Seminar:

"Homomorphisms of the Icosahedral Group into

Semisimple Groups"

GEORGE LUSZTIG, Massachusetts Institute of

Tec/inology

April 7

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Scale-Free Random Graphs"

BELA BOLLOBAS, University of Memphis and

University of Cambridge

April 10

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Passive Transpiirt by

Stochastic Flows"

DMITRY DOLGOPYAT, Pennsylvania State Umiersit^;

Member. Sc/iool of Matbcmurics

April 14

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar 1:
"Adding Random Edges to Dense Graphs"
MICHAEL KRIVELEVICH, Tel Aviv Lfniversity

Special Seminar: "Global Attractors for Generalized

Semitlows"

JOHN B.\LL, L'niversiry of Oxford: Member, School of

Matherruitics

.^pril 17

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Sticky Flows on the

Circle"

OLIVIER RAIMOND, Vniversiti Paris-Sud

Stochastic Modeling Seminar: "Contact Line
Singularity in TTiin-Film Flows"
FELIX OTTO, University of Bonn

April 21

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:

"Analysis of Boolean Functions and Various

Applications"

MULl SAFRA, Tel Avw University

April 24

Stochastic Modeling Seminar: "Around Random

Burgers on Unbounded Domains"

KOSTl'A KHANIN, Neivton Institute. Cambridge

University

.April 25

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Kraichnan Model

and Stochastic Differential Equations"

YVES LE JAN, Universite Pans-Sud

.April ^)

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "The Large N
Expansion for a Random Matrix Partition Function"
NICK ERCOLANI, University of Arizona. Tucson

Aspects of Integrable Systems: "Universality of
Discrete Orthogonal Polynomial Ensembles"
JINHO BAIK, Princeton University

Institute for advanced study

April >

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Partial Results on the Total Colouring Conjecture"
BRUCE REED, McGill University

Special Stochastic Modeling Seminar: "Multiscale

Computation of Turbulent Flames via Asymptotic

Flamelets"

ANNE BOURLIOUX, Urdversity of Montreal

Statistical Mechanics Seminar: "Multifractality of the
SRB Measures in the Kraichnan Flow"
PETER HORVAl, Ecole Polyiechnique and Ecole
Normale Superieure de Lyon

April 50

Aspects of Integrable Systems Seminar:

"Gromov-Witten Theory 1"

ANDREI OKOUNKOV, Pnnceton Unwersivy

Aspects of Integrable Systems Seminar:

"Gromov-Witten Theory 11"

RAHUL PANDHARIPANDE, Pnnceton University

Mav 1

Stochastic Modeling Seminar: "Computational

Studies of Conformational Transitions of Parts of the

ATP Synthase"

PAUL MARGARAKIS, Harvard Universe

Jiini- ^

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar II:

"On the Rectangle Bound in Communication

Complexity"

HARTMUT KLAUCK, Centrum voor Wiskunde en

Informatica. The Net/ierlatvis: Member, School of

Mathematics

JUIK- S

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar III:
"Noise-Resistant Boolean Functions Are Juntas"
GUY KINDLER, Tel Aviv Unwersity

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Optimal Integer Arrangement on the Square Grid"
JOZSEF BALOGH, Ohio State Unwersity

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Dual-Bounded Monotone Properties"
LEONID KHACHIYAN, Rutgers University

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Frugality in Path Auctions"
EDITH ELKIND, Princeton L'niversiry

May 13
Neuroscience Day

luiK-:

Computer Science/Discrete Math Seminar I:
"Tracking Frequent Items Dynamically"
GRAHAM CORMODE, D/MACS, Rutgers
University

had been a Member at the Institute a decade ago,
but the reality proved better than my youthful
memories of the place. Beyond all, it is
the inspiring intellectual environment that makes
this place so rare and precious . "

— Member, School of Natural Sciences

Working in t^ Common Room, Bloomierg Hall

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Faculty

STEPHEN L. ADLER. Particle Physics

Neu' Jersey Alhen Emsuin Pro/essor

JOHN N. BAHCALL, Astrophysics

Richard Black Professor

JUAN MALDACENA, Theoretical Physics

NATHAN SEIBERG, Theoretical Ph>'sics

EDWARD WITTEN, Mathematical Physics

Charles Simonyi Professor

Professor Emeritus
FREEMAN J. DYSON, Mathematical Physics and Astrophysics

W.M. Keck Visiting Associate in Cosmology
MATIAS ZALDARRIAGA, Astrophysics ■ /

Visiting Professors

PETER GOLDREICH, Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology
ARNOLD LEVINE, Molecular Biology

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

PROFESSOR STEPHEN ADLER's time this year has been devoted primarily to work on
fundamentals of quantum mechanics. He wrote a paper generalizing the Weisskopf-
Wigner theory for the line shape and transition rates of decaying states to the case of the
energy-driven stochastic Schrodinger equation. The calculation shows that the line
shape is unchanged, but that the stochastic terms alter the early time transient rate of the
decay in a way that eliminates the quantum Zeno effect. This result was used to place
bounds on the stochasticity parameter using data from charmed meson decays. Using a
simplified form of the analysis suggested by Lajos Diosi, who visited the Institute from
Hungary for a month in the fall of 2002, Professor Adler also computed the stochastic
modifications of the Rabi oscillations for a two-level system, which can again be used to
set experimental bounds on the stochasticity parameter.

Professor Adler's main project throughout the year has been completion of a book
entitled Qiumtum Mechanics as an Emergent Phenomenon, and subtitled "The Statistical
Dynamics of Global Unitary Invariant Matrix Models as the Precursor of Quantum Field
Theory", that is now under contract with Cambridge University Press. This book is a
revised and expanded version of a draft preprinted last year on the high energy theory
archive, and gives a detailed development ot work by Professor Adler and collaborators
over the last 8 years on the idea that the classical dynamics of non-commutative matrix
variables can lead, in the statistical thermodynamic approximation, to an emergent

Institute for advanced study

quantum field theory. The book also suggests that Brownian motion corrections to this
thermodynamics can give an underlying justification for proposals by Ghirardi, Rimini,
and Weber, by Pearle, and others, that stochastic modifications of the Schrodinger equa-
tion can give a phenomenology of state vector reduction. It is anticipated that the book
will be ready for submission to the publisher around mid-June, 2003.

In the Academic year 2002-03, PROFESSOR JOHN BAHCALL worked on a clean
method for measuring or limiting the cosmological time-dependence of the fine-structure
constant, an empirical analysis of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy (> 1019 eV)
cosmic rays, and a series of problems related to solar neutrino physics and astronomy.

Together with C. Steinhardt and D. Spergel (of Princeton University), Bahcall developed
the O 111 emission line method for testing the time-dependence of the fine structure con-
stant. This method has the advantage that no assumptions need be made regarding the
velocity structure of the clouds producing the emission lines and, moreover, the lines are
so prominent that all of the measurements can be made algorithmically and with no
ambiguities. The use of SDSS quasar spectra produced a significant limit on the time
dependence of alpha, one that is free from the questionable assumptions that plague some
other methods. The O 111 method is now being applied to more distant quasar whose
higher resolution spectra are being obtained at Keck (Bahcall is the PI on one such
observing proposal that was recently awarded Keck time for this purpose.).

Bahcall and Eli Waxman (Weizmann Institute of Science) analyzed the energy spectra of
UHE cosmic rays from different experiments. They showed that the observed energy
spectra from the Fly's Eye, Yakutsk, HiRes, Haverah Park, and AGASSA experiments are
all in agreement with each other (within small adjustments of the energy scales that are
consistent with the published energy uncertainties) below 5*1019 eV and, all except
AGASSA, show strong evidence for the GZK cutoff above 5*1019 eV.

Together with M. C. Gonzalez-Carcia (CERN and SUNY, Stony Brook) and C. Pena-
Garay (Valencia, Spain, and IAS), Bahcall wrote a series of four articles on topics relat-
ed to solar neutrinos. They developed a method for determining both the total 8B neu-
trino flux from the Sun and the sterile component of the flux, using the fact that solar
neutrino experiments determine the neutrino mixing parameters (but not the total flux),
whereas the total flux and the observed rate are known for the KamLAND reactor exper-
iment. Combining solar and reactor experiments, one can limit the sterile component of
the total 8B neutrino flux. They then applied their method to the recently released Kam-
LAND reactor data, finding a total 8B neutrino flux of 1 .0 ± 0.06 times the standard solar
model flux and an upper limit of 9% for the sterile fraction (at Is). Other results include
showing that only the LMA solution is allowed at 4.7s, and maximal mixing is disfavored
at 3.3s. These same authors tested the standard solar model prediction that the Sun
shines primarily by energy derived from nuclear reactions in the proton-proton chain, not
the CNO cycle (as originally suggested by Bethe). Using all available solar and reactor
experiments, they succeeded in placing an upper limit of 7.8% on the fraction of the solar
luminosity that is derived from CNO reactions. This upper limit represents an order of
magnitude improvement over previous limits based upon solar neutrino experimental
data. In an earlier paper, Bahcall, Gonzalez-Garcia, and Pena-Garay used the publication
of the SNO neutral current and charged current data to make a global analysis of all
available data on solar neutrinos. In the course o{ this work, they introduced several

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

improvements in the methcxls of analysis that influence the allowed regions of neutrino
oscillation parameter space. In addition to computing accurately the allowed regions, the
authors used their results to predict the values oi 10 oKservahles that will he measured in
the future by the BOREXINO, KamLANP, .md SNO experiments and a generic detec-
tor of p-p solar neutrinos.

VISITING PROFESSOR PETER GOLDREICH completed several projects during the
2002-03 academic year.

Work in collaboration with Nicole Rappaport on the origin of chaos in the Prometheus-
Pandora system demonstrated that the chaotic orbits of Prometheus and Pandora, two
small satellites ot Saturn, are due to interactions associated with their 121:118 mean
motion resonance. Differential precession splits this resonance into a quartet of compo-
nents equally spaced in frequency. Libration widths of the individual components exceed
the splitting resulting in resonance overlap which causes the chaos. A single degree of
freedom model captures the essential features of the chaotic dynamics. Mean motions of
Prometheus and Pandora wander chaotically in zones of width l.Sdegy' and 3.1degy',
respectively. These results are scheduled to be published in Icarus.

Professor Goldreich also worked on planet - disk symbiosis, in collaboration with Re em
Sari. Planets form in disks around young stars. Interactions with these disks cause them to
migrate and thus affect their final orbital periods. We suggest that the connection between
planets and disks may be deeper and involve a symbiotic evolution. By contributing to the
outward transport of angular momentum, planets promote disk accretion. Here we demon-
strated that planets sufficiently massive to open gaps could be the primary' agents driving
disk accretion. Tliose having masses below the gap opening threshold drift inward more
rapidly than the disk material and can only play a minor role in its accretion. Eccentricity
growth during gap formation may involve an even more intimate symbiosis. Given a small
initial eccentricity, just a fraction of a percent, the orbital eccentricity of a massive planet
may grow rapidly once a mass in excess of the planet's mass has been repelled to form a gap
around the planet's orbit. Then, as the planet's radial excursions approach the gap's width,
subsequent eccentricity growth slows so that the planet's orbit continues to be confined
within the gap. This work will be published in ApJ Letters.

Professor Goldreich worked with Michael Efroimsky on gauge freedom in the N-body
problem of celestial mechanics. Whenever a standard system of six planetary equations
(in the Lagrange, Delaunay, or other form) is employed, the trajectory resides on a 9(N-
l)-dimensional submanifold of the 12(N-l)-dimensional space spanned by the orbital
elements and their time derivatives. The freedom in choosing this submanifold reveals an
internal symmetry inherent in the description of the trajectory by orbital elements. This
freedom is analogous to the gauge invariance of electrodynamics. In traditional deriva-
tions of the planetary equations this freedom is removed by hand through the introduc-
tion of the Lagrange constraint, either explicitly (in the variation-of-parameters method)
or implicitly (in the Hamilton-Jacobi approach). This constraint imposes the condition
that the orbital elements osculate the trajectory, i.e., that both the instantaneous posi-
tion and velocity be fit by a Keplerian ellipse (or hyperbola). Imposition of any supple-
mentary constramt different from that of Lagrange (but compatible with the equations of
motion) would alter the mathematical form of the planetary equations without affecting
the physical trajectory.

Institute for advanced study

For coordinate-dependent perturbations, any gauge different from that of Lagrange makes
the Delaunay system non-canonical. In a more general case of disturbances dependent also
upon velocities, there exists a "generalised Lagrange gauge" wherein the Delaunay system
is symplectic (and the orbital elements are osculating in the phase space). This gauge
reduces to the regular Lagrange gauge for perturbations that are velocity-independent.

We provided a practical example illustrating how the gauge formalism coi«iderably sim-
plifies the calculation of satellite motion about an oblate precessing planet. Professor
Goldreich will continue work on the origin of magnetic fields of millisecond pulsars, in
collaboration with Feryal Ozel; on imbalanced strong MHD turbulence, in collaboration
with Yoram Lithwick; and on an explanation for the spectrum of density fluctuations in
the solar wind.

VISITING PROFESSOR ARNOLD LEVINE's report for the academic year can be found
in the Report for the Program in Theoretical Biology on page 122.

During the 2002-03 academic year, PROFESSOR jUAN MALDACENA researched the
following topics. First, he continued to work on plane waves in string theory. These are
interesting because they are non-trivial spacetimes where one can solve string theory
exactly. In addition, an interesting relationship to integrable systems has been dis-
covered. These plane waves were analyzed in lightcone gauge and it was not obvious that
they solved the string equations of motion. That question was settled when it was shown,
using the Berkovits formalism, that they indeed solve the equations.

Maldacena then computed the leading non-Gaussian effects in single field inflationary
models. It is well known that inflation predicts a spectrum of fluctuations that is Gauss-
ian to high accuracy. But the level of non-Gaussian effects was only crudely estimated.
Maldacena computed the precise form of the non-Gaussian aspects of the primordial
fluctuations. He found that in single field inflationary models they are too small (by two
orders of magnitude) to be measurable by the MAP and Planck satellites. He showed the
formal similarity between this computation and similar computations in Anti-de-Sitter
spacetimes, which are relevant in AdS/CFT.

With M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari and M. Van Raamsdonk, Maldacena considered the problem
of the transverse 5 brane in the matrix formulation of M-theory. Matrix theory is a pro-
posal for a full description of M-theory. It has been technically hard to show that it indeed
contains the 5-brane in the spectrum. In their joint paper, a concrete proposal was made
for the corresponding state and some evidence given in support of the proposal.

With O. Lunin and L. Maoz, Maldacena constructed a large family of gravity solutions
corresponding to supersymmetric states in A<iS3. These states are predicted by AdS/CFT
and a precise gravity description was considered.

Finally, with N. Lambert and H. Liu, the problem of decaying D-branes was considered.
Maldacena computed the precise nature of the closed strings that come out of decaying D-
branes and proposed that these closed strings are all that remain once the tachyon decays.

Maldacena is planning to continue working on some ot these problems during the rest of
the academic year.

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

During this period, PROFESSOR NATHAN SEIBERG's work had two themes. He stud-
ied strings in time-dependent backgrounds and the dynamics ot supersymmetric gauge
theories.

In a series ot papers with H. Liu and G. Moore, string theory in time dependent hack-
grounds was explored. They focused on solvable models in which classical string effects
can be exactly analy:ed. They formulated conditions for a time-dependent orbitold to
be amenable to perturbative string analysis and classified the low-dimensional orbifolds
satisfying these conditions. The simplest example they studied was a time-dependent
orbifold with a null singularity. The singularity separates a contracting universe from an
expanding universe, thus constituting a big crunch followed by a Big Bang.

These theories were quantired both in light-cone gauge and covariantly. They analy:ed
the tree and torus amplitudes oi some of these orbifolds. The tree amplitudes exhibit a
new kind ot infrared divergences which are a result of some ultraviolet effects. These UV
enhanced IR divergences can be interpreted as due to back reaction of the geometry.
They argued that for this reason the three dimensional parabolic orbifold is not amenable
to perturbation theory. Similarly, the smooth four dimensional null-brane tensored with
sufficiently few noncompact dimensions also appears problematic. However, when the
number of noncompact dimensions is sufficiently large, perturbation theory in these
time-dependent backgrounds seems consistent.

The implications of these results for the Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Model were discussed.

The work ot Dijkgraaf and Vafa on the interesting connection between matrix model and
supersymmetric gauge theories has led to the other theme in Seiberg's work. With E
Cachazo, M.R. Douglas and E. Witten, anomalies and the chiral ring structure in a super-
symmetric (JfN) gauge theory with an adjoint chiral superfield and an arbitrary super-
potential were analyzed. A certain generalization of the Konishi anomaly leads to an
equation which is identical to the loop equation of a bosonic matrix model. This has
allowed them to solve for the expectation values of the chiral operators as functions of a
finite number of "integration constants." From this, they derived the Dijkgraaf- Vafa
relation of the effective superpotential to a matrix model. Some of their results are
applicable to more general theories. For example, they determined the classical relations
and quantum deformations of the chiral ring of N = 1 super Yang-Mills theory with
S\J(N) gauge group, showing, as one consequence, that all supersymmetric vacua of this
theory have a nonzero chiral condensate.

These theories were further studied with F. Cachazo and E. Witten. The classical theory
has several vacua labeled by integers (Nj, Nj, •■•. Nj^). with the classical unbroken gauge
group n, (J(Nj). Quantum mechanically, each classical vacuum leads to 0, N, different
vacua. As the parameters of the classical superpotential are varied, these vacua change
in a continuous (and holomorphic) fashion. Tliey found that vacua associated with (Nj,
Nj, ••■, N(^) can be continuously transformed to vacua with (N|, N2, ..., N/^), thus lead-
ing to a new kind of duality. Traditional order parameters, like the Wilson loop and
't Hooft loop, sometimes distinguish different phases. They also found phases that are not
distinguished by conventional order parameters. The whole picture of the phase diagram
is reminiscent of the phase diagram of M-theory.

Institute for advanced study

These theories were generaUzed by the inclusion of matter fields in the fundamental and
anti-fundamental representations. This theory can also be described by a matrix model.
In particular, the anomaly equations in the gauge theory were identified with the loop
equations in the matrix model.

The theories with fundamental matter were further analyzed with F. Cachazo and E. Wit-
ten, who solved for the expectation values of all chiral operators. A simple geometric pic-
ture emerged involving a description by a meromorphic one-form on a Riemarm surface.
The equations of motion are equivalent to a condition on the integrality of periods of this
form. The solution indicates that all semiclassical phases with the same number of 17(1)
factors are continuously connected.

In the Academic Year 2002-03, PROFESSOR EDWARD WITTEN wrote with co-
authors a series of three papers on supersymmetric gauge theories. The first paper,
written with F. Cachazo, M. Douglas, and N. Seiberg, obtained an explanation using
anomalies of results by R. Dijkgraaf and C. Vafa relating gauge theories to matrix
models. The last two papers, with Cachazo and Seiberg, uncovered many interesting
physical properties of these theories, such as the role of confinement, oblique confine-
ment, and the Higgs mechanism in the exact nonperturbative solution and the possibil-
ity of smoothly interpolating between vacua that from a classical point of view have
different gauge groups.

With a graduate student, T Freedman, Witten computed the threshold corrections to
grand unification in M-theory on a manifold of G2 holonomy. With I. Klebanov, he has
estimated the proton lifetime in a certain class of orientifold compactifications of Type II
superstrings — regrettably learning that it is apparently a little too long to be measured
in the next generation of detectors. Witten has also completed a paper with a student,
C. Beasley, giving a new explanation of surprising old results about cancellations among
heterotic string worldsheet instantons.

Finally, he has investigated a natural group of transformations among three-dimensional
conformal field theories with global symmetries.

PROFESSOR EMERITUS FREEMAN DYSON spent much of the year traveling and
lecturing, and writing reviews and prefaces for other people's books. He served as a mem-
ber of the NASA Advisory Council, helping to ensure that the excellent NASA program
of unmanned science missions will not be damaged by the disasters that have overtaken
the NASA manned mission programs. In the limited time that he spends thinking about
physics, he is concerned with the question, whether the concept of quantum gravity has
any operational meaning. Is it possible to devise a thought-experiment by which the
existence of individual gravitons could be detected?

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES
MEMBERS AND VISITORS

ANTHONY AGUIRRE

Astrophysics

Institute for Advanced Study

DAVID BERENSTEIN

Panicle Physics

Ir\stitute for Advanced Study

JULIAN BIGELOW

Applied Mathematics

Institute tor Advanced Study • m

EDOUARD BREZIN

Particle Physics

Ecole Normale Sup^rieure, France ■ v, f

RUTH BRITTO
Panicle Physics
Harvard University

TODD BRUN

Quantum Theory

Institute for Advanced Study

FREDDY CACHAZO
Mathetnaricol and Particle Physics
Har\ard University

JOHN CARDY

Mat/iematical arui Parricic Physics

All Souls College, University of Oxford • j, s

SERGEY CHERKIS

Particle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study

ADRIAN CLINCHER
Mathematical arui Particle Physics
Columbia University • ;

MIRJAM CVETIC
Mot/iematical and Particle Physics
University of Peiuisylvania • s

NEAL DALAL

Astrophysics

University of California, San Diego

HOOMAN DAVOUDIASL

Particle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study

LAJOS Dl6Sl

Particle Physics

Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics,

Hungary • v, f

BO FENG

Particle Physics

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ALEXANDER FRIEDLAND
iVeurnno Asrroph\sics
Institute for Advanced Study

MATTHIAS GABERDIEL
Mathematical and Particle Physics
King's College, London ■ /

SCOTT GAUDI

Astrophysics

Institute for Advanced Study

ERIC GIMON

Matherrujtical and Particle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study

RAJESH GOPAKUMAR

Particle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study

ANDREW GOULD

Astrophysics

Ohio State University • v, s

/ First Term • j Joint with Program in Theoretical Biology • m Long Term Member ■ s Second Term • v Visitor

Institute for advanced study

JONATHAN GRANOT

Astrophysics

Institute for Advanced Study

AKIKAZU HASHIMOTO

Parncle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study ■ m

GILBERT HOLDER

Astrophysics

Institute for Advanced Study

LARRY HORWITZ

Particle Physics

Tel Aviv University • v, s

RYUICHIRO KITANO

Particle Physics

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

K-jOR KLEBANOV
Particle Physics
Princeton University • s

TIANJUN LI
Particle Physics
University of Pennsylvania

ELIGIO LISI
Neutrino Astrophysics
University of Bari, Italy ■ v

AVI LOEB
Astrophysics
Harvard University

CECILIA LUNARDINI

Neutrino Astrophysics
Institute for Advanced Study

OLEG LUNIN

Mathematical and Panicle Physics

Ohio State University

ROBERT J. NEMIROFF

Astrophysics

Michigan Technological University • v

HERBERT NEUBERGER

Particle Physics

Rutgen University, Piscataway

COLIN NORMAN

Astrophysics

Johns Hopkins University • v, s

SHMUEL NUSSINOV

Particle Physics

Tel Aviv University • v, /

FERYAL OZEL
Astrophysics
Harvard University

LEOPOLDO PANDO ZAYAS

Particle Physics

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor • /

PHILIP PEARLE
Particle Physics
Hamilton College ■ v

CARLOS PENA-GARAY

Neutrino Astrophysics

Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Spain

MASSIMO PORRATI
Mathematical and Particle Physics
New York University • /

DIMITRIOS PSALTIS

Astrophysics

Institute for Advanced Study • m

STUART RABY

Particle Physics

Ohio State University • s

ROMAN RAFIKOV
Astrophysics
Princeton University

SOO-JONG REV
Mathenwrical and Particle Physics
Seoul National University

/First Term -j Joint with Program in Theoretical Biology ■ m Long Term Member • s Second Term • v Visitc

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

JOOP SCHAYE

AiiTophysics

Institute for Ad\anced Study

JERRY SELLWOOD

Astrophysics

Rutgers University', Piscataway • s

DAVID SHERRINGTON
Mac/iemohcol and Particle Physics
University of Oxford • j, f

SCOTT TREMAINE

Astrophysics

Princeton University • /

ELI WAXMAN

Astrophysics

Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel • v

REN-J IE ZHANG

Particle Physics

Institute for Advanced Study

/ First Term • ) Joint with Program in Theoretical Biology • m Long Term Member ■ s Second Term ■ v Visitor

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES
RECORD OF EVENTS

The following is a calendar of events sponsored by
the School of Natural Sciences

Academic Year 2002-03

September 12

Astrophysics Seminar; "Physics with Supemovae"

GEORG RAFFELT, Max Planck Insame for Physics

September 17

Astrophysics Seminar: "When Was the Universe

Reionized?"

AVI LOEB, Institute for Advanced Study and Harvard

University

September 18

Astrophysics Seminar; "Small-Scale Structure in

Lens Galaxies"

CHARLES KEETON, University of Chicago

September 24

Astrophysics Seminar; "The 2dF Galaxy Redshift

Survey; Cosmological Parameters and Galaxy

Biasing"

OFER LAHAV, Institute of Astronomy, University of

Cambridge

September 25

Astrophysics Seminar; "Studying the Reionization of
the Universe with Recent and Future Observations"
RENNAN BARKANA, Tel At-ii; University

September 30

High Energy Theory Seminar; "Supersymmetric

SU(5)xSU(5); Unifying the Ununified Standard

Model"

GRAHAM KRIBS, University of Wisconsin, Madison

October 1

Astrophysics Seminar; "DASl CMB Polarization

Measurements"

JOHN CARLSTROM, University of Chicago

October 4

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar; "N=l and

N=2 Field Theory Results from Fluxes"

FREDDY CACHAZO, Institute for Advanced Study

October 8

Astrophysics Seminar; "Kuiper Belt Binaries:
A New Window on Runaway Accretion"
PETER GOLDREICH, insritute for Adi-anced Study
and California Institute of Technology

October 9

Astrophysics Seminar; "Occultation and

Microlensing"

ERIC AGOL, California institute of Technology

Astrophysics Seminar: "Neutrino Oscillations:

A Summary"

CARLOS PENA-GARAY, Institute for Advanced

Study

October 10

Physics Group Meeting; "Adding Flavors to

AdS/CFT with Supergraviry Solution of Localized

Brane Intersections"

AKIKAZU HASHIMOTO, Institute for Advanced

Study

October 14

High Energy Theory Seminar; "New Results in
Topological Open String Theory"
MICHAEL DOUGLAS, Rutgers University

October 15

Astrophysics Seminar; "Star Formation Thresholds

and Galaxy Edges"

JOOP SCHAYE, Institute for Advanced Study

October 16

Joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar: "Gamma-Ray

Bursts; The Brightest Explosions in the Universe"

AVI LOEB, Institute for Advanced Study and Harvard

University

Astrophysics Seminar: "Energetics and Intrinsic
Timescales of Gamma-Ray Burst Triggers"
ENRICO RAMIREZ-RUIZ, Institute of Astronomy

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

October 17

Astrophysics Seminar: "LightninK Up the L>.irk
Matter: The Galaxy - Dark Matter Connection"
FRANK VAN DEN BOSCH, Max Planck Institute

Physics Group Meeting: "Properties and Problems of
4-D Gravity on a Brane in 5-D Minkowski Space"
MASSIMO PORRATl, JnstimK for Advanced Study
and New York L'nii'ersirv

October k'^

Joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar:

"Cosmic Rays and the GZK Cutoff"

ELI WAXMAN. Wei^mann Institute of Science. Israel

Octohcr ?1

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group: "Black Holes
in Binary Systems. Observational Appearance" by
Sakura &. Sunyaev (1973)

Oa.^vr !'<

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:

"A String Theory of Hadrons via a Penrose Limit"

LEOPOLDO PAN DO ZAYAS, Institute for Advanced

Study and Uniiiersir* of Michigan, Ann Arbor

October 22

Astrophysics Seminar: "Non-Thermal Emission from

Structure Formation"

ELI WAXMAN, Weizrrmnn Institute of ScierKe. Israel

Oc^oK•^:^

Astrophysics Seminar: "The End of the Dark Ages:

The Formation of the First Stars and Quasars"

VOLKER BROMM, Harmrd-Smithsoman Center for

Astrophysics

Joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar: "Inflation"
JUAN MALDACENA, /mritute for Advanced Study

October 24

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group: "Formation of

Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies by Self-Similar

Gravitational Condensation" by Press & Schechter

(1974)

Particle Physics Phenomenology Discussions:
"Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking"
SCOTT THOMAS, Stanford University

Physics Group Meeting: "Lepton Flavor Violating
Processes in Discrimination of the Models of Physics
Beyond the Standard Model"
RYUICHIRO KITANO, Insatute for Advanced Study

Ocr,.!'cr ^-

High Energy Theory Seminar: "Null-Branes and

Time Dependence in String Theory"

JOAN SIMON SOLER, Weizmann Institute of

Science, Israel

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:
'Non-Planar Anomalies in Noncommutative
Theories and the Green-Schwarz Mechanism"
ADl ARMONl, CERN Theory Division

No\cmber S

Astrophysics Seminar: "Force-free Electrodynamics

and Ultrarelativistic Astrophysical Flows"

ROGER BLANDFORD, California Institute of

Technology

November 6

Astrophysics Seminar: "Probing the State and

Composition of the Intergalactic Medium"

STEVEN FURLANETTO, Harvard Center /or

Astrophysics

joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar: "Inflation,
Part 11"

JUAN MALDACENA, Institute for Advanced Study

N.Acnilvr 7

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group: "Primordial
Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. 11"
by Peebles (1966)

Ninx'iiibti >

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:
"Supersymmetry, Axions, and Cosmology"
MICHAEL DINE, University of California, Santa Cruj:

November 1 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "Entropy in the Intracluster

Medium: 'Where's the Kaboom? There Was Supposed

to be an Earth-Shattering Kaboom!' "

ARIF BABUL, University of Victoria

High Energy Theory Seminar: "Adventures Beyond
the Operator Product Expansion"
MATTHIAS NEUBERT, ComeU University

Institute for advanced study

November 12

Astrophysics Seminar: "CMB Anisotropy:
Recent and Future Milestones"
WAYNE HU. University of Chicago

Analysis-Mathematical Physics Seminar:
"MHD Turbulence"

PETER GOLDREICH, Insmute for Advanced Study
and California histitute of Technology

NowmlxT 1 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "Neutrino Flux Predictions for

Known Galactic Microquasars"

DAFNE GUETTA, Osservatorio Ascrofisico Arcetri

Joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar: "What Can
CMB and Other Cosmological Observations Tell Us
About The Early Universe"
UROS SELJAK, Princeton University

November 14

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group: "The
Maximum Mass of Ideal White Dwarfs" by
Chandrasekhar (1931) and "On Massive Neutron
Cores" by Oppenheimer & Volkoff ( 1939)

Physics Group Meeting: "Geometries Dual to Chiral
Primaries in AdS3/CFT2 Correspondence"
OLEG LUNIN, Institute for Advanced Study

November 19

Astrophysics Seminar: "Formation of Supermassive

Black Holes: Simulations in General Relativity"

STU SHAPIRO, University of Illinois, Urbana-

Champaign

November 20

Astrophysics Seminar: "The Star Formation History

of SDSS Galaxies and the Equation of State of Dark

Energy"

RAUL JIMENEZ, University of Pennsylvania

November 2 1

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group; "Neutrino

Oscillations In Matter" by Wolfenstein (1978)

Physics Group Meeting: "Gauge Mediation with Split
Messengers and the Higgs Boson Mass in
Supersymmetric Theories"
SCOTT THOMAS, Stanford University

November 25

High Energy Theor>' Seminar: "M-Theory Action
and Gauss Law for Manifolds with Boundary"
GREG MOORE, Rutgers University

L^'ecember ?

Astrophysics Seminar: "OGLE Highlights"

BOHDAN PACZYNSKl, Pnnceton University

December 4

Astrophysics Seminar: "Cosmic Magnification"

BRICE MENARD, Max Planck Institute

December 6

High Energy Theory' Lunchtime Seminar:
"D-Branes in the PP-Wave Background"
MATTHIAS GABERDIEL, Institute for Advanced
Study and King's College, London

December ^

Astrophysics Seminar: "Supemo\ae in Galaxy

Clusters"

AVISHAY GAL-YAM, Tel Aviv University

High Energy Theory Seminar: "Spacetime Energy-
Decreases Along Worldsheet RG Flow"

SHIRAZ MINWALLA, Harvard University

December 1 1

Joint Physics/Astrophysics Seminar: "A Simple
Physicist's Approach to Complex Problems"
SHMUEL NUSSINOV, Tel Aviv University

December 12

Astrophysics Papers Discussion Group: "Pulsar

Electrodynamics" by Goldreich &. Julian (1969)

Physics Group Meeting: "Chiral Rings, Anomalies,

and Matfices"

NATHAN SEIBERG, Imtitute for Adiwnced Study

January 8

Astrophysics Seminar: "Mapping the L')ark Matter:
Mass Selected Galaxy Clustets from Weak Lensing"
JOSEPH F. HENNAWI, Pnnceton L'niversity

January 1 5

Astrophysics Seminar: "Galaxy Formation:

The Reioni:ation Years"

MICHAEL SANTOS, California Institute of Technology

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

JanuaiA' --

Astrophysics S>eminar: "The Nearest and Farthest

Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe"

AVI LOEB, /mncuK far Adt'onced Study and Hanwrd

L 'nittTsi t^

lanu.irs 28

Astrophysics Seminar "Does the Fine Structure
Constant Depend upon Cosmological Epoch?"
JOHN BAHCALL, Instituu- for AdvaiKed Study

Ia^uar^• 30

Physics Group Meeting: "Solving Niatrux Model

Using Holomorphy"

DAVID BERENSTEIN. Insatuu for Advanced Study

January- 11

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:

"Gravitational Instantons ot D Type"

SERGEY CHERKIS, Insntuu for Advanced Study

Ivhru.irv >

High Energy Theory Seminar: "A Little Higgs from a

Simple Group"

MARTIN SCHMALTZ, Boston L'n.versit^

Fcbniar\' 4

Astrophysics Seminar: "Is LELUYA, Goddess of

Lightning, Also a Goddess ot Multidimensional

Radiative Transfer T"

DEjAN VINKOVIC, Unii-ersit^ of Kentucky

Astrophysics Seminar: "The Human Genome for

Physicists and Astronomers"

ARNOLD LEVINE, Instititte for Advanced Study

Fohni.irv t

Astrophysics Seminar: "X-ray Spectroscopy of the

Isolated Neutron Star 1E1207.4-5209: Atmospheric

Composition and Equation of State"

KAYA MORI, Coiumbw Unit^rsiry

February 6

Physics Group Meeting: "Lightcone Supergravity on

PP-Wave and Correspondence to the Super- Yang-

MiUs Theory"

J AEMO PARK, Pohang University of Science and

Technology

Fehru.ir,' 7

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar: "Dynami-
cal Wavefunction Collapse: Getting Quantum
Tlieory to Describe Reality"
PHILIP PEARLE, Hamiiton College

Fcbru.iry 1 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "Tlie Star Formation History

of the LIniverse"

LARS HERNQUIST, Harvord-SmitAsonian Center /or

Astrophysics

Febru.irv 1 i

Astrophysics Seminar: "MHD of GRB Jets"

NEKTARIOS VLAHAKIS, University of Chicago

High Energy Theory Seminar: "High-Spin Operators
and Their Duals"

IGOR KLEBANOV, Institute far Advanced Study and
Princeton University

Fobniar\- 18

High Energy Theory' Seminar: "Families of N=2 Strings"

ZHENG YIN, CERN

February 19

Astrophysics Seminar: "Dark Matter Cusps and Bars"
JERRY SELLWOOD. Insrituie far Advanced Study and
Rutgers University

Febru.irv 20

Physics Group Meeting: "Introduction to SLE for

Theoretical Physicists"

JOHN CARDY, Insritute for Advanced Study and

Oxford Universirv

February 25

Astrophysics Seminar: "Feeding Black Holes"

DAVID MERRITT, Rutgers University

Fobru.irv 27

Physics Group Meeting

STEPHEN SHENKER, Stanford University

February 28

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:
"Behind the Horiion with AdS/CFT"
STEPHEN SHENKER, Stanford University

March 1

High Energy TT\eory Seminar: "De Sitter Vacua in

String Theory"

SHAMIT KACHRU, Stanford University

M.irch 4

Astrophysics Seminar: "Probing Active Galactic

Nuclei with High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy"

CLAUDE CANIZARES, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Institute for advanced study

March 5

Astrophysics Seminar: "Large Angle CMB

Polarization as Reionizationometer"

GIL HOLDER, Institute jar Advanced Stud>

March 6

Physics Group Meeting: "Closed Strings from

Decaying D-Branes"

JUAN MALDACEN A, Imtxtute for Advanced SiMd>

March 1 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "Spectroscopy of lO-'
Galaxies: Implications for Cosmic Gastro-Physics"
TIM HECKM AN, Johns Hopkins University

March 12

Astrophysics Semmar: "Reioniiation of Hydrogen
and Helium hy Early Stars and Quasars"
STUART WYITHE, University of Melbourne

March 13

Physics Group Meeting: "Reviews of Recent Work on

Godel Universes"

ERIC GIMON, Imtaute for Advanced Study

Mirdi 14

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:
"Geometries Dual to Chiral Primaries"
OLEG LUNIN, Institute for Advanced Study

March 17

High Energy Theory Seminar: "The Wave Function

of a 3-Dimensional Universe"

SERGEI GUKOV, Harvard University

March 20

Physics Group Meeting: "The Closed String
Tachyons of Nonsupcrsymmetnc Orbifolds"
RUTH BRITTO, Imtitute for Advanced Study

March 21

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:

"The Higgs Boson Mass in Supersymmetric Theories"

TIANJUN LI, /mtilute for Advanced Study

March 25

Astrophysics Seminar: "The Formation of Massive

Stars"

CHRIS MCKEE, Universit> of California, Berkeley

March 27

Physics Group Meeting: "Cosmological Backgrounds

from Compactifications ot *-theories"

KLAUS BEHRNDT, Alfccri Einstein Institute for

Advanced Study

March M

High Energy Theory Seminar: "S-Brane

Thermodynamics"

ALEXANDER MALONEY, Harvard University'

April 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "From Sgr A" to the Dark
Halo: New Results On Galactic Structure"
ANDY GOULD, Ohio State University

April 2

Astrophysics Seminar: "Death in the Dark Ages:

The First Supernova Explosions"

VOLKER BROMM, Harvard-Smithsonian Center /or

Astrof)h>sics

April 3

Physics Group Meeting: "Phases of N = l
Supersymmetric Gauge Theory with Flavors"
BO FENG, Institute for Advanced Study

April 4

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar: "Are
Supersymmetric Compactifications Unstable?"
GARY HOROWITZ, University of California.
Santa Barbara

April 8

Astrophysics Seminar: "The First Billion Years:

A Snapshot of Fast Evolving Knowledge and

Theoretical Speculations"

PIERO MADAU, University of California. Santa Cruz

April 9

Astrophysics Seminar: "Magnetic Reconnection"

RUSSELL KULSRUD, Pnnceion University

April 10

Physics Group Meeting: "Particles and Strings:
A Route to the Six-Dimensional (2, 0)-Theories"
MANS HENNINGSON, Chalmers University

March 26

Astrophysics Seminar: "L")ark Matter Structure and

Luminous Mattet Morphology"

AMR EL-ZANT, University of Kentucky

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

April M

Astrophysics Seminar: "Mars, Panspermia, and the

OriKin ot Lite: Where Did It All Bej;in.'"

JOSEPH KIRSCHVINK, Cahfomia Institute of

Technology

Hiph Energ>' Theor>' Seminar: "Evidence for
Existence of S-Matrix for Strings on Plane Waves"
MOHAMMAD SHEIKH-JABBARI, Stanford
L'niiersirv

April :S

High Energy Theory Seminar: "Spacelike Brancs and

Timelike Liouville Theory"

MICHAEL GUTPERLE, Stanford University

April 2^5

Astrophysics Seminar: "Thermal and Nuclear

Evolution of Accreting White IVarfs"

LARS BILDSTEN, Institute fur Theoretical Physics,

Universit^i of Cdifomia

April 15

Astrophysics Seminar: "Oscillating Neutrinos from

Heaven and Earth"

CONCEPCION GONZALEZ-GARCIA, State

Univenit^ of New York, Stony Brook

April V"*

Astrophysics Seminar: "Transport in the Asteroid

Belt: Kirkwoixl Gaps, Stable Chaos, and Local

Integrals of Motion"

HARRY VARVOGLIS, University of Thessaloniki

April 10

Astrophysics Seminar: "Extrasolar Meteors"

NORM MURRAY, C/TA

April 1 7

Astrophysics Seminar: "Manifest CP Violation from

Neutrino Majorana Phases T'

ANDRE DE GOUVEA, Fermilab

Physics Group Meeting: "Black Holes in Godel

Universes and PP- Waves"

AKIKAZU HASHIMOTO, Institute for Advanced

Study

April 21

Astrophysics Seminar: "On the Stellar Content of

the Galactic Center"

MILOS MILOSAVLJEVIC, California Institute of

Technology

April 22

Astrophysics Seminar: "Planetary Pinballs"

RE'EM SARI, Cahfomia Institute of Technology

April 23

Astrophysics Seminar: "The Implications of WMAP

Results for Inflation"

HIRANYA PEIRIS, Princeton University

M.iy 1

Physics Group Meeting: "Natural Framework for

Bi-Large Neutrino Mixing"

STUART RABY, Institute for Advanced Study and

Ohio State University

M.iv :

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:

"Phenomenology of the Minimal SO(IO) SUSY

Model"

STUART RABY, Institute for Advanced Study and

Ohio State University

May 5

High Energy TTieory Seminar: "Strings from

Tachyons"

HERMAN VERLINDE, Pnnceion (Jniversiry

May 6

Astrophysics Seminar: "In a Spin: The Origin and

Fate of Neutron Star Rotation"

BRYAN GAENSLER, Harvard University

May 7

Physics Group Meeting: "Brane-Localized Kinetic

Terms in the Randall-Sundrum Model"

HOOMAN DAVOUDIASL, Institute for Advanced

Study

April 24

Physics Group Meeting: "Twistors in Higher

Dimensions"

SERGEY CHERKIS, institute for Advanced Study

May 11 -n

Neutron Stars on Fire: Thermonuclear Probes of

Rotation, Magnetism, and Nucleat Physics

Conference

Institute for advanced study

May 12

High Energ\- TTieory Seminar: "On Supersymmetric

Space Forms"

JOSE FIGUEROA-O'FARRILL, University of

Edinburgh

Astrophysics Seminar: "Cooling, Heating, and
Conduction in Galaxy Clusters"
MARCUS BRUGGEN, /ntertwrional Universiry
Bremen

Mav 14

Astrophysics Seminar: "A Correlation of the Cosmic
Microwave Sky with Large Scale Structure"
STEPHEN BOUGHN. Haverford College

May 16

High Energy Theory Lunchtime Seminar:
"Large-N Collective Fields and Holography"
SUMIT DAS, University of Kentucky

June 1 1

Astrophysics Seminar: "Save the Sky: Topics in Sky

Monitoring"

ROBERT NEMIROFF, Mic/iigan Tech University

June 17

Astrophysics Seminar: "Soft Gamma Repeater Burst

Activity in Anomalous X-ray Pulsars"

PETER WOODS, NASA

Mav 20

Astrophysics Seminar: "Stellar-mass Black Holes as

X-ray Sources"

NICK KYLAFIS, University- of Crete

May 22

Physics Group Meeting: "From Free Fields to AdS"

RAJESH GOPAKUMAR, Institute for Advanced

Study

Mav 27

High Energy Theory Seminar: "Comparing Strings in
AdS(5)xS(5) to Planar Diagrams for Wilson Loops"
KONSTANTIN ZAREMBO, Uppsala University

May 29

Physics Group Meeting: "Two-Dimensional String

Theory and D-Branes"

IGOR KLEBANOV, Institute for Advanced Study and

Princeton University

Astrophysics Seminar: "Observable Consequences
of SUSY Leptogenesis"

SASHA DAVIDSON, Institute for Particle Physics
Phenomenology, University of Durham

June 27

High Energy Theory Special Seminar: "Unity of

Elementary Particles and Forces in Higher

Dimensions"

SATYANARAYAN NANDl, Oklahoma State

University

100

completed a draft of my main book project . . . most of
the work is done . This book has been on my agenda for
several years, but ifVd been on my home campus this
past year, the book would still be just scattered fragments.
Another book manuscript . . . had been in fragmentary form as
of last summer. This past year J finished assembling the pieces,
edited them , and now have a completed manuscript
under consideration by three publishers."

-Member, School of Social Science

2002-2003 was the second year of the School of Social Science's three-year focus on ethical issues. Shown above are participants in a

serTUTUiT on lAe topic o/corruplion ami its opposiles: civic virtue, puhhc responsibility, arui bureaucratic rationality. From left to right:

Jenrufer Hasty. John Gerring, Professor Emeritus Albert O. Hirschnuin, Bremla Chol/in, Rasma KarUins, Professor Michael Waker,

Madelirxe Kochen. Michael Johmton, Ofrit Liviatan, Neil Englehari, Molgosia Madajewicz, Joao Biehl, and Philip B<md.

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

Faculty

ERIC S. MASKIN. AKvri O Hnschman Professor
JOAN W. SCOTT, Hur.)ld F UniL-r Professor
MICHAEL WALZER, L'PS founJatum Professor

Professors Emeriti

ALBERT O. HIRSCHMAN
CLIFFORD GEERTZ

Visiting Associate Professor
ADAM ASHFORTH

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

The School of Social Science invited nineteen scholars from a pool of 112 applicants
from the United States and abroad to be part of the School's scholarly community as
Members for the 2002-03 academic year. Seven visitors and two research assistants also
participated in the year's activities. The National Endowment for the Humanities par-
tially or fully funded three Members, while two Members were funded with Frederick
Burkhardt Fellowships through the American Council of Learned Societies. Economists
were supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as well as the Richard
B. Fisher and the Deutsche Bank Memberships. Fields of inquiry of the group included
anthropology (five), economics (seven), history (four), philosophy (one), political
science (eight), and sociology (three).

The thematic focus for 2002-03 was "Politics and Ethics: The Case of Corruption." Fac-
ulty and visiting Members explored a range of i.ssues related to corruption in political and
economic life, in public and private settings, in Western Europe and North America, in
the former communist states, and in what used to be called the "Third World." They also
addressed the questions: What is the opposite of corruption? WTiat is the positive descrip-
tion of a non-corrupt or less-corrupt state or society?

The School conducted three seminar series - the Social Science Thursday Luncheon
Seminar, the Corruption Thematic Seminar (which extended into a summer seminar on
corruption), and the IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop - and continued
publication of its Occasional Papers and Economics Working Papers Series.

VISITING ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ADAM ASHFORTH presented papers at
Princeton University in the African Studies Program and at Harvard University in the
Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, published an essay entitled "AIDS and Witch-
craft in Post- Apartheid South Africa" (in The State and its Margins: Comparative Ethno-
graphies, Veena Das and Debbie Poole), and completed a book entitled V7itc/iCTa/t,

103

Institute for advanced study

Violence, and Democracy in Post-Apartheid South Africa. He continued working with
researchers from Princeton University on a research project funded by the National Insti-
tutes of Health entitled "Poverty, Inequality, and Health in Economic Development"
(NIH Grant ROl AG20275-01) studying health, economic well-being, and community
relations in South Africa. He also began a new research project examining law, gover-
nance, and the limits of state regulatory authority in post-colonial contexts.

PROFESSOR EMERITUS CLIFFORD GEERTZ received an honorary doctorate of laws
from Colby College in June 2003. His work was the subject of a Presidential symposium
at the American Anthropological Association in November 2002; the proceedings will be
published, together with his response, as Interrogating Geenz, Schweder, R. and B. Goode,
eds.. Fall 2003. A conference on his book Local Knowledge was held at the University of
Virginia, May 2003. He was a visitor at the University of Michigan Law School during
the Spring 2003. He published several essay reviews in the New York Review of Books and
the New Republic, and various scholarly essays, including "An Inconstant Profession; The
Anthropological Life in Interesting Times," in Annual Review of Anthropology, 2002. An
interview with him, by N. Panourgia, appeared in Anthropological Theory, 2002.

Throughout the 2002-03 academic year, PROFESSOR EMERITUS ALBERT O.
HIRSCHMAN continued to monitor the political economy of developing nations (par-
ticularly those of Latin America) with daily examination of the unfolding political climate
of Brazil. His interest in the analysis of the sociopolitical/economic progress of emergent
populations was acknowledged this year with the conferment of two honorary degrees and
several publications.

On June 6, 2002, Professor Hirschman was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree
from Harvard University. The honor, presented at Harvard's 351st Commencement
ceremony, was bestowed in recognition of his long career of "trespassing boldly across
scholarly domains, developing insights into developing societies," and named him "a
splendid social scientist with a bias for hope and a passion for the possible."

On October 4, 2002, Professor Hirschman was one of three scholars presented with an
honoris causa from the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. It was the first
occasion that honorary degrees had been presented in the 25-year history of the EUl, a
doctoral and postdoctoral institution committed to the study of Europe and its relations
with the rest of the world.

This year also saw several additional translations and reprintings of Professor Hirschman's
works, among them a Greek language edition of Exit, Voice, arid Loyalty (Papazisis Pub-
lishers, Athens: 2002); a reprinting of the 1982 Italian edition of E.vit, Voice arvi Loyalty
(RCS Libri's Studio Bompiani, Milan: 2002); a Chinese edition of T/ie Rfietoric of Reac-
tion (The Journalist, Taiwan: 2002); and several additional editions — Greek, Chinese,
Czech, Lithuanian, Slovene — of The Passions arui the Interests.

In addition to these many recently translated editions of his own works, a book on the
subject of Professor Hirschman's political-economic theories was also published this aca-
demic year in France under the title, L'erufuete inachevee: Introduction a I'economie
politique dAlben O. Hirschman. The book was written by Ludovic Frobert and Cyrille
Ferraton and was published in January of 2003.

104

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

In July 2002, PROFESSOR ERIC MASKIN gave the keynote address at the Economic
Design Conference at New Yotk University on the subject ot the 2002 U.K. Cathon
Emissions auction, which he was invoked in designing. He also spoke on this topic at
the 2002 International Game Theory conference at SUNY Stony Brook and the 200?
meeting of the American Economic Association in Washington, D.C., as well as in talks
at the University of Toulouse and the Catholic University of Louvain. He gave a gradu-
ate course on auction theory at Princeton University in Spring 2003.

Professor Maskin lectured on the benefits and drawbacks of making government officials
more accountable at Har\'ard-M1T, the University o( Pittsburgh, the University of Florida,
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New York University, UCLA, the Uni-
versity of Michigan, the University of Paris, Rutgers University, and California Institute ot
Technology. He gave talks on the subject o( majority rule as an election method at cim-
ferences in Louvain, the University of Rochester, and Malaga, Spain.

In February' 2003, Professor Maskin was named a Monash Distinguished Visiting Scholar
in a ceremony in Melbourne, Australia, where he spoke on "Globali:ation and Inequali-
ty." In January 2003, he began his service as president of the Econometric Society and
delivered the presidential address in Chicago in June.

PROFESSOR JOAN SCOTT is completing her book project on le mouvemeni pour la par-
ite in late twentieth-century France. She lectured at the University of Maine (Orono),
Har\^ard University, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Bern (Switzerland),
and the University of Zagreb (Croatia). She gave papers at the meetings of the Ameri-
can Historical Association and at the Interuniversity Center in Dubrovnik (Croatia).
Professor Scott served as the School of Social Science's representative on the search com-
mittee for the Institute directorship. She continues as a senior fellow of the School of
Criticism and Theory; as an adjunct professor in history at Rutgers University; and as the
chair of the Committee on Academic Freedom and Tenure of the American Association
of University Professors.

During the academic year 2002-03, PROFESSOR MICHAEL WALZER gave the Millen-
nium Lecture at Delhi University in India, the Hesburgh Lectures at the University of
Notre Dame, and the Feibel Lecture at Ohio State University; he also lectured at the
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, the University of Chicago, Loyola University, Indi-
ana University, Princeton University, the New School, New York University, Columbia
Law School, DePauw University, the City University of New York, Georgetown Univer-
sity, the U.S. Naval Academy, and Tel Aviv University (where he also received an hon-
orary degree). The second volume (of four projected) of The Jewish Political Tradition,
entitled Membership, was published by Yale University Press. New collections of his
essays appeared in Italian under the title II Filo della Politica and in German under the title
Erkldne Kriege-Kriegserkldrungen. His Horkheimer Lectures, published in German in
1999, appeared in Italian. His book On Toleration came out in a Roumanian edition.

105

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
MEMBERS, VISITORS. AND RESEARCH STAFF

LAHOUARl ADDI

Anthropology

Institut d'Eriides Politiques

ROLAND BENABOU

EcoTiumics

Princeton University • MF

JOAO BIEHL
Anthropology
Princeton University

JOSEPH BLASl

Sociology

Rutgers University • v, s

PHILIP BOND

Economics
Northwestern University

BRENDA CHALFIN
Anthropology
University of Florida

PAULA COSSART

Historv

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales • a

WILLIAM JOHNSTON
Polincal Science
Colgate University ■ n

RASMA KARKLINS

Polincal Science

University of Illinois, Chicago

MADELINE KOCHEN
Political Science
Harvard University • a

WOLF LEPENIES

Sociology

Wissenschaftskolleg iu Berlin • v, f

OFRIT LIVIATAN
Political Science
Tufts University • v

MALGOSIA MADAJEWICZ

Economics

Columbia University • v

SANKAR MUTHU

Political Science

New School for Social Research • n

NEIL ENGLEHART
Political Science
Lafayette College

JOHN GERRING
Poiiticai Science
Boston University

JAN GOLDSTEIN

History

University of Chicago ■ v

JENNIFER HASTY

Anthropology

Pacific Lutheran University

DAGMAR HERZOG

History

Michigan State University • b

ANDREW NEWMAN

Economics

University College London • MF

CLAUDE ROSENTAL

Sociology

Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales

GARY SAXON HOUSE

Economics

University of Michigan • v

ILYA SEGAL

Economics

Stanford University • MF

ROBERTO SERRANO

Economics

Brown University

a Research Assistant • b Burkhardt Fellow • /First Term ■ jv Joint Visitor with Historical Studies • MF Supported

by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ■ n Supported hy the National Endowment for the Hiini;inities •

s Second Term • v Visitor

106

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

WILLIAM SEWELL

History

University of Chicago ■ n

MATEO TAUSSIG-RUBBO

Anthropology

University of Chicago • v, s

RALPH THAXTON, Jr.
Political Science
Brandeis University ■ /

MICHAEL THOMPSON

Philosophy

University of Pittsburgh • b

a Research Assistant ■ b Burkhardt Fellow • / First Term • jv Joint Visitor with Historical Studies • MF Supported

by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation • n Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities •

s Second Term • v Visitor

107

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
RECORD OF EVENTS

The following is a calendar of events sponsored by
the School of Social Science

Academic Year 2002-03

September 30

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Strategic Pre-commitment in House Location

Choices"

MICHAEL D. WHINSTON, Nonhwesum Unwersity

OctoK-r 1

Social Science TTiursday Luncheon Seminar:

Organizational meeting followed by an open

discussion on the question of war with Iraq

MICHAEL WALZER, Professor, School of Social

Science

October 7

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Partners: Assortative Matching with

Nontransferabilities"

ANDREW NEWMAN, University College. London;

Member, School of Social Science

Octi)her 10

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Mathematical Logic as a Field for Sociological

Investigation: Startmg with the Sociology of a

TTieorem"

CLAUDE ROSENTAL, Centre National de la

Recherche Scientifique; Member, School of Social Science

Oc u.k-r 14

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Bounded Rationality and Socially Optimal Limits

on Choice: An Example"

EYTAN SHESHINSKI, The Hebrew University of

Jerusalem

October \(^

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Political Institutions

and Corruption: The Role of Parliamentarism and

Unitarism"

JOHN GERRING, Boston University; Member,

School of Social Science

October 1 7

Social Science TTiutsday Luncheon Seminar:

"Comparing Corruption: Participation, Institutions,

and Development"

MICHAEL JOHNSTON, Colgate University;

Member, School of Social Science

October 2 1

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Coordination Failures and the Lender of Last Resort:

Was Bagehot Right After All?"

XAVIER VIVES, INSEAD (with Jean-Charles

Rochet)

October 24

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Globalization in the Age of Enlightenment:

The Case of Diderot"

SANKAR MUTHU, New School for Social Research;

Member, School of Social Science

(Vruber JS

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Cooperation with Mistakes: The Stochastic Stability

of Edgeworthian Recontracting"

ROBERTO SERRANO, Brown University; Member,

School of Social Science

iVfoher V'

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Anti-Corruption
Incentives and Constituencies in the Post-
Communist Region"

RASMA KARKLINS, University of Illinois, Chicago;
Member, School of Social Science

October 3 1

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Sex After Fascism: West Germany, 1945-1953"
DAGMAR HERZOG, Michigan State University;
Member, School of Social Science

108

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

NovcmK-r 4

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Preventing Crime Waves"

PHILIP BOND, Nort/rnvsKfrn University; Member,

SchexA of Socied Science

NovcmK'r t

School of Social Skrience Lecture: "The Missing

Sentence: The Visual Arts and the Social Sciences in

Mid-19th-Centurv Paris"

WOLF LEPENIES, WissenschaftskoUcg, zii Berlin:

Visitor, School of Social Science

NovemK'r 7

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"The Rational-Legal State and Human Rights"
NEIL ENGLEHART, Lafayette CoUege; Member.
School of Social Science

Nin emlxT 1 I

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Optimal Pricing Mechanisms with Unknown

Demand"

ILYA SEGAL, Stanford University; Member. School of

Social Science

NovemhtT 14

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Rejecting Small Gambles Under Expected Utility:

A Recent Controversy"

ROBERTO SERRANO, Brown University; Member.

School of Social Science

November 18

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Optimal Expectations"

MARKUS K. BRUNNERMEIER, Princeton

University (with Jonathan Parker)

November 2 1

Social Science TTiursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Women, Modernity, and the Uses of History in

Early Twentieth Century China"

JOAN JUDGE, University ofCalifomia. Santa

Barbara; Member, School of Historical Studies

November 25

IAS/Princeton Univetsity Economics Workshop:
"Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics"
ROLAND BENABOU, Princeton University; Member
School of Social Science (with Jean Tirole)

IV.i-inlvr :

lAS/Princeton University Economics Workshi>p:
"The Evolutionary' Role of Toughness in Bargaining"
ELLA SEGEV, Ph.D. student at Tel Aviv University
(with .Viad Heifet:)

IVccmkr'-*

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Interference"

PATRICK LEGROS, ECARES, University Libre de

Brwxelies (with Andrew Newman)

IVvcniKr II

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "The Politician and

the Judge: Accountability in Government"

ERIC S. MASKIN, Professor. School of Social Science

Deccmkr 1 2

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Does Globalization Make Inequality Worse?"
ERIC S. MASKIN, Professor. School of Social Science

January 1 t

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Corruption as a

Crime Against the Social Order: The qadi-s of

Bukhara and the United States House of

Representatives"

BABER JOHANSEN, L'Ecoie des Hautes Etudes en

Sciences Sodales; Member. School of Historical Studies

January Ki

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Pharmaceutical Governance: A Critique of the

Brazilian AIDS Model"

JOAO BIEHL, Princeton University; Member, School

of Social Science

January 2 i

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"The Dimensions of Bourdieu Sociology"
LAHOUARl ADDI, Institm d'Etudes Politiques;
Member. School of Social Science

|.inii:ir\ 2 ,

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Online Information Transmission"

ABRAHAM NEYMAN, Hebreu' University of

Jentsalem

)anuar\' 29

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Four Syndromes of

Corruption"

MICHAEL JOHNSTON, Colgate University;

Member, School of Social Science

109

Institute for advanced study

January- 30

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Cencripetahsm: A Tlieory of Governance"
JOHN GERRING, Boston Universicy; Member,
School of Social ScieiKe

February 3

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Adaptive Dynamics"

SERGIU HART, The Hebrew Unwersky of Jerusalem

Febniary 6

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Working the Border in Ghana: Technologies of

Sovereignty and its Others"

BRENDA CHALFIN, Universii> of Florida; Member,

School of Social Science

February 12

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Corruption,
Coercion, and the Loss of Entitlement Under the
People's Commune: Revisiting the Causality of
Starvation in Mao's Great Leap Forward Famine,
with Special Reference to Qian Fo Village"
RALPH THAXTON, Jr., Brandeis University:
Member, School of Social Science

February 13

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Rethinking the 'Social' in Social Science"
WILLIAM SEWELL, University of Chicago; Member,
School of Social Science

February 20

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Amarrya Sen's Grand Pursuit: Writing About 20th

Century Economic Thinkers"

SYLVIA NASAR, Columbia Universicy; Director's Visitor

February 26

Corruption Thematic Seminar: Open discussion on
the concept of corruption itself, addressed through
exploration of issues raised by the distributed read-
ings, and examination of the general themes of the
presentations to date

MICHAEL WALZER, Professor, School of Social
Science

February' 27

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Anti-Corruption Incentives and Strategies in the

Post-Communist Region"

RASMA KARKLINS, University oflUinois, Chicago;

Member, School of Social Science

March 6

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Reflections of Law and Disorder in Post-Apartheid

South Africa"

ADAM ASHFORTH, Visinng Associate Professor,

School of Social Science

March 10

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:
"Inequality, Growth, and Trade Policy"
ABHIJIT BANERJEE, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (with Andrew Newman)

March 12

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Airport

Anthropology: Globalization and the Shifting

Frontiers of Customs, Class, and Corruption in

Ghana"

BRENDA CHALFIN, L'mi'ersit> of Florida; Member,

School of Social Science

March 1 5

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Worker Ownership in the U.S.: Contrasting

Traditional Corporations and High Tech Knowledge

Companies"

JOSEPH BLASl, Rutgers Universiry; Visitor, School of

Social Science

March 17

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:
"The Measurement of Intellectual Influence"
OSCAR VOLIJ, lou-a State L'nii-ersiry

March 20

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Bribery and Extortion in the Courtroom"
PHILIP BOND, Northwestern Unii-ersit^; Member,
School of Social Science

March 24

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:
"Inequality, Technology, and the Social Contract"
ROLAND BENABOU, Princeton University; Member
School of Social Science

March 26

Corruption Thematic Seminar; "Bihar: The Privatiza-
tion of Violence"

NEIL ENGLEHART, Ufayetie College; Member,
School of Social Science

110

THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

March 27

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar: "What
is It to Wrong Someone.' A Pu::le About Justice"
MICHAEL THOMPSON, I'mu-rsit^ o/ Pittsburgh:
Member, School oj Social Science

March 31

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Market Power and Information Revelation in

D>'namic Trading"

ROBERTO SERRANO, Brown University; Member.

School of Social Science

April 3

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"The Pleasures of Corruption: Desire and Discipline

in Ghanaian Political Culture"

JENNIFER HASTY, Pacific Lutheran Unirersit:*:

Member, School of Social Science

April 7

IAS/Princeton Universir\^ Economics Workshop:

"The Communication Requirements of Efficient

Allocations and Supporting Lindahl Prices"

ILYA SEGAL, Stanford Uruversicy; Member, School of

Social Science

April 9

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "Laws and Contracts"
PHILIP BOND, NonAtfestem University; Member,
School of Social Science

April 10

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Globalization and Insecurity"

ANDREW NEWMAN, Unwersity College London:

Member, School of Socud ScierKe

April 14

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Uncertainty, Waiting Costs, and Hyperbolic

Discounting"

ERIC S. MASKIN, Professor, School of Social Science

(with Partha Dasgupta)

April 17

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:

"Antitrust in Dynamic Industries, with Application

to the Microsoft Case"

ILYA SEGAL, Stanford University; Member, School of

Social Science

April :i

lAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:
"Incomplete Information, Credibility, and the Qire"
RAJIV VOHRA, Broum University

April 23

Corruption Thematic Seminar: "The Circle of

Beneficence: Narrating Coherence in a World of

Corruption"

LAWRENCE ROSEN, Pnnceton University

April 24

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics"
ROLAND BENABOU, Pnnceton University; Member
School of Social Science

April 2S

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:
"Contracting in the Presence of Judicial Agency"
PHILIP BOND, Northu^estem University; Member,
School of Social Science

Mav 1

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"Social Policies and State Activism in Brazil"
JOSE SERRA, Vniversidade de Campinas. Sao Paulo,
Bra'^il; Director's Visitor

May 7

Corruption Thematic Seminar: Open discussion of

issues raised throughout the year

May 8

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar:
"What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger? The
Case of Arsenic in Drinking Water in Bangladesh"
MALGOSIA MADAJEWICZ, Columbia University;
Visitor, School of Social Science

May 15

Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar: "Which

Way to Mecca.' Remarks on Some Recent American

BcKiks on Islam"

CLIFFORD GEERTZ, Professor Emeritus. School of

Social Science

M.iy 21

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Four Corruption

Syndromes: Case Studies"

MICHAEL JOHNSTON, Colgate University;

Member, School of Social Science

111

Institute for advanced study

May 28

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Restraining or
Radicalizing? Division of Labor and Persecution
Effectiveness" and "A Market for Mass Crime?
Inter-institutional Competition and the Initiation of
the Holocaust in France, 1940-1942"
WOLFGANG SEIBEL. University ofKonsmnz;
Member, School of Historical Studies

June 4

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Intellectuals and
Democratization, 1905-1912 and 1989-1996"
CHARLES KURZMAN, University of North Carolina.
Chapel HiU; Member, School of Historical Studies

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Somalia: Rising
from the Ashes?"

NEIL ENGLEHART, Lafayette College; Member,
School of Social Science

June 25

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Modernity and

Divided Mankind: Notes on a Constitutional

Culture"

MATEO TAUSSIG-RUBBO, University of Chicago;

Visitor, School of Social Science

July 2

Summer Seminar on Comiption: "The Press and

Political Culture in Ghana"

JENNIFER HASTY, Pacific Lutheran University',-

Member, School of Social Science

julv 16

Summer Seminar on Corruption: "Beyond Gift and

Commodity: The Economy of the Sacred in Jewish

Law"

MADELINE KOCHEN, Harvard Law School;

Research Assistant, School of Social Science

June 16

IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop:

"Bargaining, Coalitions, and Externalities"

ERIC S. MASKIN, Professor, School of Social ScierKe

June 18

Summer Seminar on Comiption: "Working the

Border/Navigating Sovereignty: Ghana's Customs

Service"

BRENDA CHALFIN, University of Florida; Member,

School of Social Science

112

uring this year, I have also devoted a large
part of my time to educating myself and
learning new things ... the Institute is a
great place to be since it allows one to expand
scientific horizons so easily. I am eagerly using this

opportunity by attending various seminars and
workshops, and interacting with other Members."

— Member, School of Natural Sciences

Aftertwon tea in the Common Room , Fuld Hail

SPECIAL PROGRAMS

PROGRAM IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Faculty
riET HUT

FIET HUT established a new interdisciplinary program. His visitors spanned the fields
of physics and astrophysics, computational biology, computer science, cognitive science,
and philosophy.

Professor Hut's own research focused on astrophysics. Together with colleagues from
Japan and Holland, he published results from the first realistic N-body simulations ot
globular clusters, modeling the galactic cluster Ml 5 and the giant cluster Gl in M32.
He published several other papers in stellar dynamics, on the long-term evolution of
isolated N-body systems, on the details ot core collapse, as well as on other topics.

He published a book, The Gravitatioiial Million-Body Problem, coauthored with Douglas
Heggie of Edinburgh University. He organized a second workshop in the MODEST series
(for Modeling DEnse STellar systems), which he had started the year before, when he
organized MODEST- 1 in New York City. MODEST-2 was held in Amsterdam, in
December 2002, with co-organi:er Simon Portegies Zwart of Amsterdam University.

Together with Apollo astronaut Russell Schweickart, Professor Hut organized a workshop
on Deflecting Asteroids, at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. This
was a follow-up meeting of a conference he organized there in 2001 with astronaut Ed Lu.
He was also one of the organizers of a conference and summer school on the topic of
"Ways of Knowing," at Amherst College, as the fifth public offering of the Kira Institute,
of which he is one of the founding members.

Tlie program welcomed the following visitors during the course of the year:
Yoko Funato, Astrophysics, University of Tokyo
Douglas Heggie, Astrophysics, University of Edinburgh
Jun Makino, Astrophysics, Tokyo University
Steve McMillan, Astrophysics, Drexel University
Steven Tainer, Asian Philosophy, Institute for World Religions

115

Institute for advanced study

PROGRAM IN THEORETICAL BIOLOGY

Martin A. Nowak, Head

Martin Nowak completed his fifth year as Head of the Program in Theoretical Biology at
the Institute for Advanced Study. TTie research interests of Nowak 's group included the
dynamics of infectious diseases, evolutionary genomics, genetic instability and tumor pro-
gression, evolution of language, and evolutionary theory in general. The group included
three Members, Yoh Iwasa (Kyushu University), Natalia Komarova, and Alun Lloyd; one
Visitor, Steve Frank (University of California, Irvine); and three Ph.D. students,
Franziska Michor, Garrett Mitchener, and Joshua Plotkin. Research reports are included
below.

Martin Nowak worked on mathematical models of cancer genetics. In collaboration with
experimental groups led by Bert Vogelstein and Christoph Lengauer, he developed a the-
ory for the initiation of colon cancer and the role of chromosomal instability. With Yoh
Iwasa, Natalia Komarova, and Franziska Michor, he worked on a precise quantification
for the somatic devolution of tumor suppressor genes. He invented the 'Linear process,'
a stochastic description of evolutionary dynamics in multi-cellular organisms including
cellular differentiation. With Iwasa and Michor, Nowak developed a general theory for
escape dynamics from lethal selection pressure. This theory describes, for example, emer-
gence of resistance of microbes or cancer cells to drug treatment and vaccination.

With experimentalists George Shaw and Persephone Borrow, Nowak quantified the role
of neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T cells in primary' HIV infection defining
'co-dominance' of immunological responses.

With Partha Niyogi and Erez Lieberman, Nowak is working on a review of learning theo-
ry in the context of language acquisition introducing cooperative teachers and ambitious
learners.

Nowak received the Henry Dale Prize of the Royal Institution ot London. He gave the
David Starr Jordan Prize Lecture at Cornell University.

In July 2003, Martin Nowak moved to Harvard University as Professor of Mathematics
and of Biology, and founding Director of Harvard's new Institute for Theoretical Biology.

Yoh Iwasa worked on the somatic evolution of cancer, and mathematical formulas tor
transition rates. To estimate the risk of cancer, stochastic modeling of somatic evolution
is very effective. In collaboration with Martin Nowak, Steve Frank, and Franzi,ska
Michor, Iwasa has been working on the importance of chromosomal instability (or
genomic instability) or tissue structures, such as compartmentalization or the division to
the stem cells and differentiated cells. In all of these, Iwasa played a role of deriving for-
mulas that needed to analyze mathematical models used in these theoretical works. First,
Iwasa developed a method estimating the risk of escape via a chain of mutations leading
to cancer cells, in which the intermediate states are of fitness lower than the normal cells.
Second, he examined the mathematical formula for the fixation of the second step
mutants without fixation of the first step mutants, named "tunneling."

116

Program in Theoretical Biology

Iwasa also worked on escape probability, and the host's optimal immune response. He
and others in the group discussed the optimal immune response to a community of viral
strains includuiK multiple \iral strains with dittcrent epitomes deleted. Iwasa proved that
the optimal host response is the mmi-max solution, and could solve so the ver>' clear pat-
tern as the optimal response ot the host.

Natalia Komarova's research was mostly concerned with three topics: modeling of
cancer, virus dynamics in immunosuppressive infections, and the physics of DNA tran-
scription. In modeling ot cancer, Komarova sought to describe cancer initiation and pro-
gression by using methods ot population dynamics. The tocus of this research is to under-
stand the role ot chromosomal instability in tumors. Insights were obtained tor how
tissue is organized to be best protected against cancer; the results can also be beneficial
for designing methixis oi treatment since it sheds light on how chemotherapy may work.
The second direction ot research is concerned with modeling how anti-drug therapy can
boost the immunity in immunosuppressive disea.ses like HIV or Hepatitis C. An inter-
esting relationship between the timing ot the therapy, its efficacy and success has been
found. Finally, Komarova worked on a mathematical description ot biological double
membranes. A new equation has been proposed that supports a stable, pinned soliton-
like solution. This can explain the details of the process of DNA transcription.

Alun Lloyd's research addresses various issues regarding infectious diseases. Lloyd's main
ongoing project involves a study of the historical record of childhood disease incidence in
the United States. Spatial structure is of particular interest and Lloyd has been develop-
ing models that relate frequency of travel between major cities and patterns of disease
spread. In other projects, Lloyd has been considering infections which consist of a collec-
tion of related 'strains;' examples of such diseases include the common cold, influenza and
HIV. Since treatment, or vaccination, is unlikely to be equally effective against all strains,
any attempt to understand the impact of treatment must consider this strain structure.

Much of this work is very topical, given the increased concern regarding bioterrorism, the
spread of drug resistance, and emerging infectious diseases such as SARS. As a result,
during the last year Lloyd has been very actively involved in promoting the wider use of
mathematical techniques to address such questions. This effort has included presenta-
tions at both the NIH and NSF, organizing an international conference that discussed
spatial aspects of epidemiology, as well as being a coauthor on a major review project for
a U.S. Homeland Defense Agency. In addition, Lloyd works with pharmaceutical com-
panies in developing mathematical models to better understand the consequences of the
deplo^Tnent of novel antiviral drug therapies.

Garrett Mitchener's research has focused on exploring population-level dynamics ot lan-
guages, following the language dynamical equation, a model being studied by Martin
Nowak and others in the Program in Theoretical Biology'. Mitchener has been working
on an extension of that model which allows for multiple universal grammars. (Universal
grammar, or UG for short, is the set of innate constraints that determine what grammars
a human being can acquire.) They are primarily interested in the outcome of competi-
tion between two universal grammars: whether one of them can take over the population,
and whether more than one can coexist stably. They have finalized several results for

117

Institute for advanced study

various cases of this extended model that show competitive exclusion and coexistence,
and a paper about them was published in januar>^ in the Bulletin of Mathemahcal Biology.

Joshua Plotkin has continued to research the stability and adaptability ot cellular and
viral populations. In particular, Plotkin and collaborators at Princeton University have
been studying the genomic evolution of the Influenza A virus. Using a large empirical
dataset of viral RNA sequences, Plotkin has introduced a new method for predicting
future dominant influenza amino acid sequences and studied its relevance to improving
annual vaccine choice. Plotkin has also introduced novel methods, based upon the idea
of codon usage bias, to detect genes that are undergoing active selection in viruses and
other organisms. Aside from applications to influenza, Plotkin has worked to detect
genes under strong selection in the SARS-related coronavirus, helping to identify' the
gene(s) responsible for the current outbreak in humans.

Arnold J. Levine, Visiting Professor
School of Natural Sciences

In Arnold Levine 's first year as Visiting Professor in the School of Natural Sciences and
the Program in Theoretical Biology, he worked with a group whose research interests
include genetics and genomics, polymorphisms and molecular aspects of evolution, signal
transduction pathways and networks, stress responses and pharmacogenomics in cancer
biology. The group explored the linkage between theoretical and experimental biology
and included two Members, Harlan Robins, a postdoctoral fellow trained in physics at the
University of California, Berkeley, and Babu Venkataraghavan, a structural chemist and
computer scientist who has been in the pharmaceutical industry for 35 years. The group
also includes a Visitor, Cyan Bhanot, who is a physicist and computer scientist who works
at IBM on biological problems. In addition to this group, the 2003-04 academic year will
bring Dr. Michael Krasnitz, a physicist trained at Princeton University who will be a
member and postdoctoral fellow, and Dr. Gabriela Alexe trained at Rutgers University as
a mathematician and statistician who will also be a member and postdoctoral fellow.
Thus, the Program in Theoretical Biology has a critical mass at the Institute, and has a
well-developed plan to interact with the Genome Center at Princeton University and
the BioMaPS group at Rutgers University. A variety of joint "lab meetings," seminars,
symposia and public lectures are planned for the next academic year.

During the past year, the group explored the information held in several large data sets
produced by the biological community. The large DNA sequence databases were probed
to define and identify the nucleic acid sequences that regulate the transcription of a gene
in space, time and amount in an organism or cells. Here DNA chip analysis carried out
in the laboratory provided the information that was matched to the patterns of sequences
found to be in and near a gene. Second, there has been an extensive exploration of
codon uses in genes as a function of the place, time, and amount of a gene product pro-
duced. Conservation of codon uses during evolution in orthologs and homologs were
explored. The extensive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) database was examined
for a set of genes in specific signal transduction pathways that are important in the ori-
gins and evolution of cancers in humans. Here the information obtained for interesting
asymmetries in the occurrence of SNPs in genes and their impact upon cancer incidence
was transferred to experimental testing in the laboratory.

118

Program in Theoretical Biology

Arnold Levine s research focused upon two areas. The first was a theoretical and exper-
imental study of the different types of "noise" that impacts upon hiological signal trans-
duction pathways that transmit infomiation from the environment to inside a cell and
have the cell respond to the signal. The second avenue o( research led to the develop-
ment ot a useful algorithm to detect transcription factor protein binding sites on the
DNA that regulate gene e.xpression. The procedure developed a rapid scan ot the entire
genome (human or mouse) to select the p53 protein responsive elements (RE) that reg-
ulate cellular responses to environmental insults.

1 . Noise signal transduction pathways.

A simple signaling pathway was created in the bacterium E. coli where the exact same
regulatory elements were placed adjacent to a gene tor green fluorescent protein or red
fluorescent protein. Each of these two genes was then inserted into the E. coli chro-
mosome in similar locations on either side of the origin of replication. Because the
two genes are regulated by identical DNA sequences (promoters), it would be expect-
ed that both proteins would be made in identical amounts and each bacterium would
have a yellow (red and green are equal) fluorescent color. It noi.se were introduced
into the signaling pathway of one gene, then more red or more green protein would be
made, and by examining single cells over time (in a movie) the percentage of red or
green cells can be employed to quantitate the noise. Employing this assay several con-
clusions can be obtained. There are at least two kinds of noise; extrinsic noise comes
from thermal, ionic or environmental sources, while the intrinsic noise comes from
rate limiting components of the pathway or asymmetric segregation of components in
the pathway. Second, different genetic backgrounds of the bacteria alter the percent-
age of cells exhibiting noise and specific genes in a cell can regulate the level of noise.
Thus, organisms can optimize noise in a pathway via mutation and evolution can
select a level of noise that is optimal. Some noisy signaling pathways could use that
property to produce offspring that are genetically identical but differ in their pheno-
type. The quantitative data obtained in this experimental study fit the results of a
mathematical theory of intrinsic and extrinsic noise in this system.

2. Scanning the genome for transcriptional signals.

a. An algorithm has been designed that can rapidly scan over three billion bases in
nucleotide sequences (a genome) and pick out a sequence that a transcription factor
can bind to so as to regulate a specific gene. Because the nucleic acid sequence that
the protein binds to (RE) can vary or be degenerate in selected positions or sites in the
sequence, both a filter that requires that certain positions be fixed in a sequence and
a weight matrix that provides a score for preferred bases in certain positions of the
sequence were employed in the algorithm. The algorithm was employed to select 16
genes from the human and mouse genome that were predicted to he regulated by the
p53 transcription factor and had never before been identified in the literature. To
date, 12 out of the 16 genes have been experimentally shown to be regulated by this
transcription factor and the remaining four genes are still under investigation.

b. The sequence in the DNA that is recognized by the p53 protein is an imperfect ten base
pair palindrome whose sequence is repeated once more, and these repeats are separated
by a spacer of any sequence. Commonly, most genes that are regulated by p53 protein
have spacer lengths of zero to twenty-one bases. A scan of the genome for p53 spacer

119

Institute for advanced study

lengths has surprisingly detected about 400 copies of genes with 129 base pair spacers,
and 500 genes with 1 ,065 and 3,095 base pair spacers. In both cases, these p53 REs with
these unusual spacer elements are found in repetitive DNA sequences in our genome
and have been identified as an endogenous human retrovirus (called HERV K) with the
129 base pair repeats and 500 retro- transposon LlNE-1 elements with the p53 REs sep-
arated by larger spacers. These are parasites in our genome and it is surprising that they
have adopted a cellular transcription signal that responds to stress (DNA damage,
hypoxia, etc.). Having identified these DNA elements in the genome data set, exper-
iments in the laboratory were employed to determine if these parasites were transcribed
or regulated by p53 signals. Indeed, the HERV-H retrovirus is transcribed in response
to p53 activity in cells with a twelve-fold increase in HERV-H m-RNA. The LINE-1
elements with the p53 RE sequences have been shown to be active LINE-1 transposons
that move about the genome and cause mutations in each generation of humans. Stud-
ies are underway in the laboratory to determine if these p53 REs are functional and acti-
vate or repress the movement of the LINE-1 transposon.

Publications related to this progress report:

1. Elowitz, M.B., Levine, A.J., Siggia, E.D., Swain, RS. 2002. Stochastic Gene Expres-
sion in a Single Cell. Science, 297:1183-1186.

2. Hoh, J. Jin, S., Parrado, T, Edington, J., Levine, A.J., Ott, J., 2002, The p53 MA Algo-
rithm and its Application in Detecting p53 Responsive Genes. Proceedings Nat. Acad.
Sci.. USA, 99: 8467-8472.

Additional Publications:

1. Su, E, Overholtzer, M., Besser, D. Levine, A.J. 2002. WlSP-1 attenuates p53-Medi-
ated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt Kinase.
Genes and Development, 16:46-57.

2. Pugacheva, E.N. Ivanov, A.V., Kravchevenko, J.E., Kopnin, B.P., Levine, A.J., Cher-
nakov, P.M. 2002. Novel Gain of Function Activity of p53 Mutants: Activation of
the dUTPase Gene Expression Leading to Resistance to 5- fluorouracil. Oncogene,
21:4595-4600.

3. Singh, B., Reddy, PC, Goherdhan, A., Walsh, C., Dao, S., Nagai, I., Chou, j.C.,
O'Chavenat, C., Levine, A.J., Rao, PH., Stouffel, A., 2002, P53 Regulates Cell Sur-
vival by Inhibiting P1K3CA in Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Genes and Develop.
16:984-993.

4- Levine, A.J., 2002, The Origins of Cancer and the Human Genome, The Genomic
Revolution Unveiling the Unity of Life, ed. M. Yudell and R. DeSalle, Joseph Henry
Press: 87-96.

5. Jin, S., Kalkum, M., Overholtzer, M., Stoffel, A., Chait, B.T., and Levine, A.J., CIAPl
and the erine protease HTRA2 are involved in a novel p53-dependent apoptosis path-
way in mammals. Genes and Development, 17:359-367.

Harlan Robins is working on three projects exploring different aspects of regulation in
biological networks. His first project is a search for micro RNA targets. These micro
RNAs are short (about 80 bp) RNA molecules that are cut by a protein complex into a
~22bp single stranded RNA. They then bind to various target mRNAs and ptevent
translation. Targets have been found in the worm and the fly where micro RNAs con-
trol developmental timing. Robins is writing an algorithm to find their targets in verte-
brates (including humans).

120

Program in Theoretical Biology

The next project Robins is working on is the control mechanism ot tRNA abundance on
translation rate. Joshua Plotlcin, Arnold Levine, and Harlan Robins are exploring codon
usage in different cell types in humans. They have found evidence that certain cell types
have very different percentages of most codons. The hypothesis is that the cell uses these
differences to up or down regulate production of certain proteins in different cells. In a
third project completed earlier this year, Robins looked at some global properties of these
networks. The present opinion among biologists is that having a robust network makes
it harder for an organism to evolve. The organism is supposed to find a balance between
robustness and evolutionary' speed. Robins made a mathematical argument that robust-
ness can actually increase the speed of evolution.

The Program in Theoretical Biolog>' Lecture Series

Each year, distinguished scientists in diverse areas of biology' are invited to give a public
lecture at the Institute. The following lecture was presented during the 2002-03 acade-
mic year:

February' 24 "Science, Anxiety, and Meaning: Biomedicine Encounters Ethics and

Public Policy"
Harold T. Shapiro, Princefon L'nii'ersitv

Bio!og>' Group Meetings

Arnold Levine initiated a series of regular meetings for people interested in research in
biology'. Meetings consisted of presentations and discussion, and were held in the Physics
Library' in Bloomberg Hall.

October 9 "p53 Pathway"

Arnold Levine, Insrilute for Advanced Study

November 5 "Immortality"

Arnold Levine, liistmae fur Advanced Study

November 18 "Responding to Stress"

Arnold Levine, Institute for Advanced Study

December 3 "The Limits to Immortality Are in Our Chromosomes"

Arnold Levine, /nstitute for Advanced Study

December 17 "The Human Genome Project"

Arnold Levine, Institute for Advanced Study

January 9 "Dynamics of Cancer Initiation"

Martin Now-ak, Institute for Advanced Study

January 23 "In the Language of the Epistasis:

Detecting SNP-SNP and Protein-DNA Interactions"
Josephine Hoh, Roc/<e/ell€r University

February 13 "Aspects of the Ecology and Evolution of Influenza Virus"

Joshua Plotkin, Institute for Advanced Study

February 25 "The Disk-Covering Method for Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction"

Tandy Wamow, University of Texas at Awstin

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Institute for advanced study

March 1 3 "Regulatory Modules in Drosophila Development"

Massimo Vergassola, Institute for Advanced Study

April 24 "Genetic Instability in Cancer Progression"

Natalia Komarova, Institute for Advanced Study

May 8 "Modeling the Structure Space of Proteins"

Babu Venkataraghavan, Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines & Pediatrics

May 23 "Identification of Collective Biomarkers by Logical Analysis of Data"

Gabriela Alexe, Rutgers L'nifersit\, Center for Operations Research

June 9 "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the MDM-2 Gene"

Gareth Bond, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey

Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton University Biology Group Meeting

The following talks were presented during a biology group meeting December 9, 2002, in
the Physics Library of Bloomberg Hall:

"The pp28 Tegument Protein of Human Cytomegalovirus Functions
in the Final Envelopment of Virions"
Maria da Silva, Princeton University

"A Bio-Dictionary-Based Annotation of Human Cytomegalovirus"
Eain Murphy, Princeton University

"A Novel p53 Dependent Apoptotic Pathway and a Potential Novel

Tumor Suppressor Gene"

Shenkan Jin, The Rockefeller University

"Regulation of p53 Activity via the C Terminal Region"
Stu Lutzker, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey

"A Continuing Exploration of How the Human Cytomegalovirus
pp71 Protein Utilizes Both the Ubiquitin-proteasome and Rb-E2F
Pathways to Modulate Cell Cycle Progression"
Robert Kalejta, Princeton University

"Inhibition of p53 Transcription by a Well-Defined Tumor- Promoting

Agent"

Jill Bargonetti, Hunter College

"Noise in Gene Expression"

Mike Elowitz, The Rockefeller University

"Genetics and Biology of Extranodal B-Cell Lymphomas"
Toula Stoffel, The Rockefeller University

"p53 MDM-2 Interaction Inhibition"

Wei Liu/Dan Notterman, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey

122

Artist- IN- Resilience Program

ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM

Ion Maiimisscn, Composer

During rhe 2000-01 season, Jon Magnussen planned his tirst year ot Institute tor
Advanced Study concerts (2001-02 season), and developed the Institute Artist-in-Resi-
dence Program's website (www.ias.edu/artist-in-residence). Magnussen conducted his
chamber music Altert-J Path ( W94) in November with the Composer's Ensemble at Prince-
ton University's Taplin Auditorium. He arranged a suite oi his ballet The Winded ( 1996)
for performances in May with the Orchestra oi St. Lukes conducted by Judith Clurman,
with the Jose Limon Company at the Sylvia and Danny Kaye Playhouse in New York City.
In late June, Magnussen finished TiKcare! , a commissioned work for solo piano (the tirst
work started and finished at the institute for Advanced Study), which was premiered in
Walden, New Hampshire, in late July by the commissioner, pianist Blair McMillen. Mag-
nussen composed Ko'olau Sketches in July, a work he created with a view to developing
musical ideas for a new opera based upon W.S. Merwin's The Folding Cli^s.

During the 2001-02 season, the New York Percussion Quartet gave the world premiere
performance of Magnussen's Ko'olau Sketches (2001) in October at Wolfensohn Hall.
Pianist and composer Noel Lee gave the Princeton premiere of Toccare'. in December in
Wolfensohn Hall, and in November, Magnussen composed Psalm 21 for baritone Sanford
Sylvan and pianist David Breitman. In mid-January, Magnussen finished Psaim, a 30-
minute ballet score commissioned by the Jose Limon Foundation with funding from the
Library of Congress and Meet the Composer. In late January, he produced the recording
o{ Psalm (in w-hich he played tambourine), performed by the Riverside Chamber Singers
and Members of the Riverside Philharmonic Orchestra with Andre Solomon-Glover,
baritone and Helen Cha-Pyo, conductor. In February, Magnussen conducted members of
the Weber State Concen Choir, the Kay Starr Singers and chamber ensemble with
Andre Solomon-Glover, baritone soloist, in the world premiere performance of Psalm at
the 2002 Salt Lake Winter Olympic Arts Festival. In April 2002, he composed Fantasy
Rewired for Mari Kimura, scored for amplified violin and tape. The work was premiered
by Kimura on May 1 1 in the Birch Garden at the Institute, where she also performed the
work from which Fantasy Remred was derived: Fantasy for Violin and Synthesizers.

The 2002-03 season saw more work in the orchestral domain, and also a return to an opera
project first conceived in 2000-01. In August 2003, Magnussen began communications
with author Gavan Daws about an opera (working title: The Folding Cli^s) based upon a
true 19th-century story about a Hawaiian man who contracts leprosy and resists forced
separation (by the Provisional government army) from his wife and child. This work is
ongoing. Also in August, Magnussen composed Occhi dolente (a vocal octet), for conduc-
tor/tenor Andrew Megill and Fuma Sacra. This work was premiered in October 2003 in
Wolfensohn Hall. On November 3, 2002, his first Carnegie Hall performance took place
with the New York premiere of excerpts of Psalm (with expanded string and choral forces),
by the American Composers Orchestra and conductor Steven Sloane. In January, Mag-
nussen composed Kcdeimanus Dream, a six-minute work for guitarist Antigoni Goni. In
February, baritone Sanford Sylvan and pianist David Breitman gave the world premiere of
Psolm 21 , which Magnussen composed for them in the fall of 2001. On April 26, 2003,
Magnussen's new Scenes, for large orchestra, was premiered by conductor Paul Polivnick
with the Symphony San Jose Silicon Valley. The work was commissioned for the sym-
phony's inaugural season. In May, Magnussen began orchestrating chamber works by

123

Institute for advanced study

Chausson, Chopin and Schumann for a 55-minute ballet choreographed by Robert Hill
based upon "The Picture of Dorian Gray." The orchestration was commissioned by Amer-
ican Ballet Theatre, tor which he will conduct the ABT orchestra in the premiere perfor-
mances at their City Center (New York) season in 2003. Also in May, Magnussen con-
tinued work with Daws on The Folding Cliffs, and in June, he revised the score for Psalm.

DIRECTOR'S VISITORS

GEORGE DYSON

SYLVIA NASAR

Scholars from a variety of fields, including areas not represented in the schools. Director's
Visitors contribute much to the vitality of the Institute. They are invited to the Institute
for varying periods of time, depending upon the nature of their work.

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY/
PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE

The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI) is an integrated mathematics program
that has been sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Study since 1994. Participants in
PCMI include research mathematicians, graduate students, undergraduate students,
mathematics education researchers, undergraduate faculty, and high school teachers. The
interaction among these diverse groups fosters a stronger sense of the mathematical
enterprise as a whole. In addition, it raises awareness of the roles of professionals in the
mathematics-based professions.

The annual three-week Summer Session is the flagship activity of PCMI. Additional pro-
grams take place throughout the year and include the year-long High School Teacher
Program and the Lecture Publication Series.

Summer Session

The 13th annual Summer Session of the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI)
was held June 29-July 19, 2003 in Park City, Utah. This year's PCMI Summer Session,
with a total of 260 participants, included the following programs:

Research Program in mathematics

Graduate Summer School

Undergraduate Summer Program

High School Teacher Program

Undergraduate Faculty Program

Mathematics Education Research Program

International Seminar on Mathematics Education

As is the case each year, a specific area of mathematics was chosen to provide the focus
for the overall programming. The mathematical topic for the 2003 Summer Session was
Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations, and this topic informed the work of
the Graduate Summer School, the Research Program and the Undergraduate Program.

124

IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

The related mathematical topic in the Undergraduate Faculty Program was Partial Differ-
ential Equations. The Mathematics Education topic for 200? was K'nou'L'cij^e of Mathemat-
ics for Teaching, while Sums and Differences: The Art and Craft of Adding and Subtracting,
was the topic ot the mathematics course oHered in the High School Teachers Program.

Each o( the programs met daily tor its own series ot courses and seminars. The groups also
came together tor an afternoon Cross Program Activity two or three days per week. A
complete listing ot courses, seminars and activities follows.

Graduate Summer School and Research Program

Organized hy Michael Christ, University of California at Berkeley, Carlos Kenig,
University o( Chicago, and Wilhelm Schlag, California Institute of Technology, the
Graduate Summer School met for three formal lectures and one or two problem sessions
each day.

At the heart of the Graduate Summer School were six main graduate courses, two each
week. E;ich of these courses consisted of five or six lectures, except for one series of four.
One course focused on a circle of problems in core Fourier analysis, two were concerned
with questions on nonlinear partial differential equations in which techniques rooted in
harmonic analysis play essential roles, and three were expositions of topics at the inter-
face between harmonic analysis and other aspects of mathematics.

In addition to the six main courses, the Graduate Summer School also included two cours-
es at a more introductory level. The first, by Wilhelm Schlag, was an introduction to basic
Fourier analysis, with the goal of bringing participants up to speed on some of the materi-
al used in the main six courses. It consisted of four lectures given during the first w-eek ot
the institute, supplemented by a 100-page text that will appear in the proceedings volume.
This course also attracted several of the more advanced undergraduate students. The
second, by Michael Christ, consisted of three lectures at the end of the second and begin-
ning of the third weeks, and was intended to serve as a quick introduction to some of the
material discussed by Elias M. Stein, in particular to aspects of the Heisenberg groups and
singular integral operators.

TTiere were problem sessions associated with all of the graduate courses. Three hours of
problem sessions w'ere offered during most days of the first two w-eeks of the institute, with
two hours during the third.

Graduate Summer School lecturers and course titles:

Jnrrodwctorv' lectures to Harmonic Aiudysis (tour lectures); Wilhelm Schlag,

California Institute of Technology

Nonlinear Fourier Transforms and Scattering (six lectures); Christoph Thiele,

University of California, Los Angeles

UnifoTTn Rectifiability and Applications (four lectures); Guy David, Universite de Paris

Sud, Orsay

Kakeya-type problems, restriction conjectures, and local smoothing estimates (six lectures);

Terence Tao, University of California, Los Angeles

Global well-posedness for dispersive equations and the method of almost conservation laws

(five lectures); Gigliola Staffilani, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Introduction to the Heisenberg Group and Szego Projection (three lectures);

Michael Christ, University of California, Berkeley

125

Institute for advanced study

Singular Integrals and Several Complex Variables (five lectures); Elias Stein,

Princeton University

Harmonic Analysis and its applications to non-lmear evolution eqiuitions (six lectures);

Carlos Kenig, University of Chicago

The Hardy -Littlewood Circle Method (one lecture); Stephen Wainger,

University ot Wisconsin, Madison

The Research Program

The Research Program attracted about 50 participants, who attended for periods ranging
from three weeks to a few days. This program's main formal activities were seminars, usu-
ally two per day during the first two weeks, and one per day during the third week. TTie
graduate courses were also attended by large numbers of research program participants,
who enjoyed these high quality, accessible presentations of topics outside their own areas
of specialization. Indeed, the organizers found that a substantial number of researchers
declined invitations to lecture, preferring to concentrate on behind-the-scenes conversa-
tions and on attending the graduate courses. Research talks were usually attended by
several graduate students, as well.

There was ample opportunity for less formal interaction in the Research Program. Black-
boards in the hallway of the conference center facilitated impromptu conversations, and
various seminar rooms with tables and blackboards were available during parts of the day
and evenings.

Research Program Seminars:

On Restriction of the Fourier Transform; G. Mockenhaupt

SolMtions, Spectra, and Dynamics for Schroedinger operators; A. Kiselev

Subharmonic functions associated with stationary Schroedinger operators; A. Khe^^fits

Some questions related to the Carleson-Hunt Theorem; C. Muscalu

ID Schroedinger: Heuristics and Theorems; R. Killip

Regularity of Degenerate Monge -Ampere Equations; C. Rios

Blowup for U - critical nonlinear Schroedinger Equation; P. Raphael

Big pieces of "regular manifolds" in measures and data sets; G. Lerman

Recent progress on the vector field problem; X. Li

L' Carleman estimates an<i uniqueness of solutions and semilinear Schroedinger equatior\s;

A. lonescu

Distance sets and applications; A. losevich

Bellman functions and continuous problerrts; S. Petermichl

Dispersive estimates for the Schroedinger equation in Dimension 3; M. Goldberg

On uniqueness for wave equations; F. Planchon

Self-similar solutions ofbinormalflow; L. Vega

Two model operators with fold singularities and related maximal functions; A. Seeger

On Schroedinger ar\d wave maps at critical regularity; A. Nahmod

Variational and jump inequalitites in harmonica analysis; J. Wright

Estimates in the Corona theorem and ideals o/H"; a problem oj T. Wolfj; S. Treil

Spectral multipliers for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on /orms on the Heisenberg group;

F. Ricci

Geometric questions related to Sobolev embedding; W. Beckner

126

IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

The High School Teacher Program

Twenty eiijht middle school and hi^jh school teachers spent a rewarding and challenj^ing
three weeks learning mathematics, reflecting on what it means to teach mathematics,
and working together to produce materials that could he shared with their colleagues
both at PCM! and more broadly through the PCMl website. Ten teachers were return-
ing tor a second year, and three teachers were chosen tor a third year to work with the
stati as leaders and advisers tor the other participants; there were also fourteen first-time
participants. TTie participants came from thirteen states and Canada, and included a
teacher who had retired and started teaching again in a new district and one who had
been teaching for only one year. The teachers represented PDO groups based in Los
Angeles, Seattle, New Jersey, and Cincinnati, as well as those who came as individuals.

The mathematics session. Sums and EHfferences: the Art and Craft of Adding and Subtract-
ing, focused on an analysis of finite differences using materials created by the Education-
al Development Center. Under the leadership of two master teachers from the PROMYS
program at Boston University, PCMI participants explored how concepts dealing with
sums of powers, Fibonacci numbers, and complex numbers are related under the concept
of difference equations.

The participants worked mathematics problems together and compared strategies, dis-
cussed student work, and researched topics related to the teaching and learning of mathe-
matics. Also, the question, "Is a teacher a mathematician?," as posed by Judith Ramaley,
Assistant Director for the Education and Human Resources (EHR) Directorate at the
National Science Foundation, in a video-taped talk, invited spirited discussion between
mathematicians and teachers and laid the foundation for the teachers' conference work.
Added to the experience was a special discussion session with Deborah Ball of the Univer-
sity' oi Michigan regarding a cross program presentation on her teaching laboratory with
fifth grade students (part of the Mathematics Education Research Program at PCMl).

For two hours each afternoon, participants participated in one of four working groups -
data analysis, geometry, lesson study, and mathematics/physics related to the morning
work. During this time they produced lessons, classroom activities, and drafts of poten-
tial articles on interesting and useful mathematics that will be tested in their classrooms
when appropriate, reviewed during the coming year, revised when necessary, and posted
on the PCMI website at the Math Forum.

Mat/i Supervisors Workshop

Since the program's inception, PCMI has concentrated on preparing high-school
teacher-leaders to design and present professional development activities to their col-
leagues at the local level. A new stage in this process was begun in the summer of 2002
and continued in 2003; PCMI is now partnering with selected school districts on design-
ing methods by which the PCMI professional development model can become part of the
district's official in-service activities.

During the 2003 PCMI Summer Session, mathematics supervisors from six school dis-
tricts, together with university mathematicians from their regions, met with High School
Teacher Program leaders Gail Burrill and Kimya Moyo to plan the implementation of
that transfer in three pilot districts: Cincinnati Public Schools, the McAUen (Texas)
Independent School District, and Seattle Public Schools. With appropriate funding, it is

127

Institute for advanced study

anticipated that these three districts will be the focus of PCMI's 'transfer' project during
the next three years. The basis of the project will be the strategy and timetable laid out
jointly in the Summer 2003 workshop by PCMI leadership and district personnel, with
support from university mathematicians.

Undergraduate Program

The Undert::raduate Program for 2003 was organized by Roger Howe.Yale University, and
William Barker, Bowdoin College. The undergraduate program was focused on two
courses, an introductory course designed for students having just completed calculus and
linear algebra, and an advanced course for students with a more extensive mathematical
background. This year, the introductory course, Fourier Analysis and its many uses, was
offered by Thomas Komer of Cambridge University, and the advanced course. Introduc-
tion to Wavelets, was offered by Lesley Ward of Harvey Mudd College.

Both courses were full of conceptual insights and carefully developed technical results.
Other activities at PCMI attracted a significant number of undergraduates and enriched
the undergraduate program: the Undergraduate Faculty Program offered an introductory
course on Partial Differential Equations and the High School Teachers Program offered a
discovery-style session on topics in number theory. This latter course was especially valu-
able for those undergraduates with only introductory preparation; more advanced under-
graduate students selected and attended courses from the Graduate Summer School.

This year the daily PCMI schedule was designed to minimize conflicts between offerings
of interest to the undergraduates. The result was a high degree of flexibility for the under-
graduates, permitting students to put together the combination of sessions which best
suited their individual backgrounds and interests

Undergraduate Faculty Program

The Undergraduate Faculty Program (UFP) at PCMI 2003, entitled Harmonic Analysis
and Partial Differential Equatiom in the Uiviergraduate CMrricMlMm, was designed for faculty
members who primarily teach undergraduates, such as those at two and four year colleges.
This year Andrew Bemoff of Harvey Mudd College facilitated the Undergraduate
Faculty Program. The program's goal was two-fold: the first was to improve the partici-
pants' facility with teaching partial differential equations in the undergraduate curricu-
lum with an emphasis on using technology; the second was to outline a program by which
students can be acquainted with the tools and trade of being a research mathematician.
There were twelve participants in the 2004 Undergraduate Faculty Program.

A secondary goal of this program was to interact with the other PCMI participants by
presenting a variety of seminars that were of interest to the broader PCMI community.
The UFP participants presented a series of fourteen lectures (with associated labs and
problem sessions) that constituted an introductory course on Partial Differential Equatiom,
emphasizing harmonic analysis, Fourier methods, and eigenfunction expansions. These
lectures tended to attract fifteen to twenty of the undergraduate students at PCMI in
addition to the UFP participants.

Also presented were two Problem Solving Seminars, which attracted an average of fifteen
undergraduates and twenty High School teachers as well as participants of the Under-
graduate Faculty Program.

128

IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

Mathematics Education Research Program

The Mathematics Education Program consisted ot two short seminars in 2003.

Begun m 2001, the annual PCMl International Seminar on Mathematics Educatu>n
brings diverse perspectives and practices to the U.S. national dialogue on mathematics
education. The 2003 Intematiiinal Seminar brought six new teams into the diaU)gue on
the preparation oi teachers ot mathematics in various countries and cultures. The new-
countries represented were Cameroon, Ecuador, Iran, Northern Ireland, New Zealand,
and Romania, each with the customary' team of two participants, one a currently prac-
ticing teacher and one an educational policy person. Reports were prepared prior to the
seminar by each team, and these reports were presented, analyzed and responded to dur-
ing the four-day seminar. A volume of combined proceedings of the 2002 and 2003 sem-
inars on teacher education is being prepared. The volume will give the wider education
community the opportunity to learn of common problems and promising practices com-
ing from diverse cultural and intellectual traditions.

For the first time in 2003, PCMl hosted a laboratory class for elementary mathematics
students. Distinguished mathematics educator Deborah Ball of the University of Michi-
gan taught the five-day laboratory class for twenty Park City fifth-graders and led pre-
briefing and debriefing discussions with a team of observers consisting of research math-
ematicians, mathematics educators and classroom teachers. The focus of the week-long
class was mathematical definition, embedded in an extended exercise exploring decom-
positions of numbers which are perfect squares. This seminar brought to the mathemat-
ics education researchers and interested research mathematicians and teachers at PCMl
the opportunity to explore actual teaching practice first-hand, and to consider such ques-
tions as what kind of mathematical knowledge teachers need, what is common with
themes in more advanced mathematics, and the ways in which more profound knowledge
of elementary' mathematics is important for quality teaching.

Cross Program Activities

A defining feature of PCMl is its focus on building understanding, professional respect and
a sense of shared purpose among all the various constituents of the mathematical enter-
prise. To this end, a formal Cross Program Activity was held two or three afternoons each
week as well as various evening activities and participant-coordinated weekend trips.

Titles of the formal 2003 Cross Program Activities were as follows:

TIMSS 1999 Video Study ofMathemancs Teaching: Are die Findings Relevant for
the U.S. Debates!; James Hiehert, University of Deleware
The Pythagorean Theorem and the Nine-Point Circle; Roger Howe, Yale University
Perelman's work on geometrization of i manifolds (including the Poincare conjec-
ture); John Morgan, Columbia University
Pre-concert Lecture ; Robert Taub

Report on the Elementary Teaching Lab; Deborah Ball, University of Michigan
Wavelets; Lesley Ward, Harvey Mudd College
The Euclid-Euler Theorem; William Dunham, Muhlenberg College
Participants made use of their free time in such activities as swimming, hiking, and work-
ing on mathematics together. An entry in Park City's 4th of July Parade was created and
executed by a cross-section of the PCMl participants. Participants also organized various
sports activities that took place daily: biking, soccer, basketball, volleyball, running, etc.
Weekend trips also were arranged by PCMl participants and received with enthusiasm.

129

HTUlNSTtTUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY-' A I

Evening activities organized for the PCMI parttcipa'dtsimdudHdnoiitaobH asiJsmarljBM
Two barbecue dinners for participants anditheir.fimilies„uijH HjijBmarljeM sriT
Pi::a parties for participants and families.
1 II .1 A piano concertby Eloberc-Tabb^ formeciAlrdiW'it^Rfisictenc^fatrfifilhnitM
fiiiBfii3riAd\'anced Study.lf.ni.nt.ri <'yj jili oi ^■jjiIjiv] Lm, ^t»vn--'jq>TjT ti'Tj/iL -.iinH

" ■ ' ■' II i:ii.-/3 v'or; XR .|i|oi)i,-kJ luriirn-jf^ li,nciijf;fn-jJni fOOS -jrlT .tumiouh^

Publication Series Lm. ^tiinru/fo ^iioiif,/ ni ?,jiJGfrii>fhr,fii iu ,;i3rlDt3i to rioiifnEqoiq urlj
PCMI is very pleased tb makethe proctedings of its^SunyBerS^^iert.ay^ilable ta the pub-
lic. The full series, which comprises nearly all of the lectures ever- given iti PCMI's Crad-
U^e Smnn^e; Sehool, ;aow includes the following titljesi:i,,j„irj nn ■jiu> om; vjriju-j-i ynuii

yd isnimoi

ifs\ or\] uni
, .. , jeometry

Volume 3: Compk'x Algebraic Geomem ,

■'"•^" '"Volume 4: Gauge Theo,^ and' Four Mani/oU,s ■^' "^■'i = nnn..r,.|u .d, yjinurnrno.
Volume 5: Hyperbolic Eqimcions and frequency tnle^^lid^'"^"^ '"'''''"^ '"'"^ «"'

-lub oi L^Ln i'j--vi Liuj, I'-':/!: !': y/^ • ' 1. t- ■'I'/'^v T'T y':3Hj briK .rnta] daKS yd
,, ,yoIun;\e,l:,-UeometT5i and QiwTimm FieU Tneory . . , '

, Volume Z: Non/inear Partial Differential Equaaons tn Differential Geometi

.Volume 6: Pro^ahilit^ T/ieor* and Appiicarion ,,, ,„_ ^^^^

J ... Volume /: >"vmWt'cac Oeomerr^' and Topology , , , .^

-in-jitA Uij ^1 c d' K . .• -TL ' rV'V^' •Ai'>'"3rl3fim b9d«iijariiJ''iU .aanabuJi
, , .Volume 8: Ke])resenMtion Tneor^i o/ Lie Groups • , ,

, ^ . Volume 9: Arithmetic Alge/Traic Geametrv i ^ t . i ^

-fliifn fliw. . . ,i. ^ .. , - .■ ., >t. ,i?'in-Ah nniiaiidab bnc gniiaiid

k'is'ei|jfettied'that''VfeibKAi^ 10 and 1 1 will he published in'2504.^iJ^Ti3f'jEm .enBioijnnia

■^'■'■1 -..:,/. ! ; • ■ .,,.... , I' ,!i!;i!l-ili IfoiJfjm-itdlRm ?f;'// ^^f;b

All titles ate available either from the American Math^natiekiiSocietVforJchitotighipepq
Ijlar bookstores sucih as Bames^andNoblfe. Hi J- Ji L-ji^'jijini wrn, <vji]jH/j'.yi iiti'\}ujii\j-j <di
-'■!*: ' • ' •! Ij!!i; .ijiii.'iM'iit >jn_;(jiq jjolrhf.vj Ii,ijr.ii, 'jioiq/a ')l yliriunoqqo adl

Also published are threelvolumesin the PlarkCity'Mathematih Institute' Suhjeries which is
a subsection of the AMS Student Mathematics Series. These volumes ate aimed at under-
graduate students and are published independently of the Park, City, Mathematics Series
mentioned above. Published thus far are:

b/iB j-jia-^^'^;"'^^* °" Cyntempcirar}' Probability by Gregory F. Lawler and Lester N^.CovleA

,...,«. i 'An /ntroduction to t/ie Mathematical T/ieor^f of Wave.'! by RoKer Knobal

; Cooes ana Curves by, Judy L. Walker, „ '^ , \ i ■ -■-

rlDB3 ?ji<)<Hirj\'.t. //ifTi ii I iyi:va'ji'At:ii nvnvjh rnfiiaoiM moiD liirmol k ,bn3 uAi oT .ssnq

TU tyj'U U'fi •(■'T-'''''ii'''i'i'i "'-'-'"-'!' •■yti'V''"! t'niT.^','!ii-'j1ji;."r!!frv,<'i) -^'iMnir.' ?c !l-y,'.' ',■: :!•:)';■"
1 rie High bcnool leacher Program will begm dissemination of its teacher-created mate-
rials and other resources Mmetime in 2003-2004, via ^.special, Web site created by ,th^
Math Forun^ ^^^M^^^^'rM^
p J. Jiiiv/'ji-jn 'to 73i^Tjvin-J ,aT.'i. ill ^01111 I ;-?.'.]nc\->n ?. ■ ] 'jih

The 2003 Sumnier Sessicft Vas' Wde possitele by tlic oenemsity pif tiielfotiqwlng funders:

.■..::• . ■■(i,jiii-.~ ■,'',! 5i-,ilii!lj;ii) '■;.'-lifiiun f^V) ifi. I? ^ • V, ■'■'*'"'"■ ''fiijnii'''fjT

The National Science FouncTa^^fii^'*"'-','^'!'""'"'-' •""^■'"'^, ""^"^ ''^^''''

St^te of New Jersey. , , , ^ , , dueT mdo^l ,.t»mJ 3..-.no>DTq

"'''-^"' Starr Foundation cb:ior\¥l ,dt>J »nirt-j03T ictBlnortriiH -jfli xir, nof\'jM

National Security Agen9f"-^""'^ '^'^"'^ '^'■'^'■"^'^ ''^■"■^ ^'-'''-^-^ 7.3bb.r,V/

, , Geraldine it. Dodge Foundatiitt'^' ^"'^'"'^ -.ms-coaflT T3lng~bil-ju3 5f\T

■•At,.'/ '"fi^j- arid Mri^ Charles L. Jaffifl" '^'^"''-"' '-"ni' ■J'Ji^iisdito 'j«u obfifn «Jni;qi-ji)iii1

' ' ' ' The George and Dolores iW Eccl'esFoUA'ddtf?4 ■T-'f^'^SoJ 2JiiRni3d)ern no ^ni

■ '■ Bristol Myers Sq\iibb Foundatlibh'"-"'! "'^' " ■"'^^ ^" noiiD^z-agma b yd bsiuDsxs

.j)-j ,-., Wolfensohn Family FoUhdaffdri '^ .ariiJid rylifib aafilq jIooj Jed) saijiviioB ?.noq^

rrift.;!/!' Chautauqua Programs -i ^'|i Jini;q WO'\ yd LaanKim jis// osIn «qii] Ln3>l33W

ISO

IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute

Oversight Board

The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute is governed by aii Oversight Board;

lot ^iijii! ;1 .i!; 1' \Aji\ 'ill ■! )ni.iTijflihM m luimiW v>\ friinyoi'l Itai/uii,- diri-ji 'jrlT
.rj,,l.,rl IP^i^W^Wft^,.// f! /„■,-.-, !,. f 'ji,, .fir '^:'/. .ii-'A vnl/, ni...' .•I.mr^ I/, t;,- ■! A

., ./1,.v,.,Ph%.A-rG^i<Tl^'RffP*'W'^W^f"t^if9fiA^^^^ V .„.,:r, ,. ;

--fjloT-j , ■ ' ' '• li.l.i J..1 l'.-| (i?i;/ I ., If; • • ■ /' yiln'l III Ujii;.!- .i-

YHrioii. A''"^ Members; ,.,^|, ,,„i,,,;,.., ,,,„,„. , , ,i„,,„.,rl„;m l^riui?

-oiq -jflT Hynwn Bass, University of Michigan n ,|,. ^^^ ,j ,.,| ,.„,„,.

j^jj^^j.jj.C. Herbert Clemens, Professor, The Ohio State University , | ,, .p,^,,
-irmo vi P-W'VU L. Graliara, Protessor, University ot California at San Diego . ^ .

SHilleyA. Hill, Professor Emeritus, University ot Missouri- Kansas Cj,!^ , ,. ,||.

Robert D. MacPherson, Protessor, School of Mathematics, Institute for

-f .;,! .n; ^Uune B. ,^X/ol|;eIJ^9^yi^^^^^ Jf^^, hfgw J^^. .^^,,^„^ ,iR„bma«Lno ^A^ iH^ijbi
-rii I ( ■, -il, ''•joil yniiKqmoD igDii-injaolvrlq Ir.aiififfioriiBm (ji noilDubmini nn ba

^-'«?fWSiP??^'.W*brir,- rt'iiii.h,/-, if. p|-.bf)tn -)ivKfl )mv ;.|,oHvnri ln-,.!',-nn,: |,,-,r ..„»

arin^-n jifii ijiiiijlyjin ii" Ij-j-'Iij'.I ■j-iii'ij ''/i..;,^! ;c>--,-.il< .7' 1 /'j-jil yii.flonul'j vj bfli. .^rlf^f/l^
^"*"^" .'|i,(n li,-jiMf'lM'|. )) Mill,, J ni<if!ij.'lj 11. /a.j|;;irl iGluo'jIfjm ni fin^/n'intjflq

C. Herbert Clemens, Professor, University of Utah

.i^f^^. Graduate Summer School/Research Program Organi:ers: , ,.^, j ,j;.,f;|j]- _}-,„£.:} p^jj
to 31b >/• Michael Christ, Professor, University of California Berl^^l^Yi, .^^[j ^;,i,jo3 y„j
-^vHq Li: W''^^'"^ S^^^^^' Professor, California Institute 9^ J^^%(^lp4aifi maiaftib //.,H
'jin.jbr;r, Carlos Kenig, Protessor, Um^versity of Chic,?go, ,„^^,, ,^^|,„^j„i „, [.nr, .^g,,|o,
-#^<V> t^^'i"'^*^ Seriesf,,, , . ,,..ii>;i!n. ,, \,■=^;v,.■JV^ LicioaJ ifrteaVjiT .i^io-simq Hoib3?'ji
.ni .,.. J^avid R. Morrisotx. Profef 59^. M^ y.WSPi^.rn...xlm brin viilifleP ^^^sHi imi
^Jv^chool Teachers Program: , ,, , ^|^^,,, , , f„,;,-„i-,.., i.^flj Lmiiaulli bnB ,..orlDEoiqr,G
,„ L.-i. - 9-^^ S""''^' Instructor. h4ichig9n Sta,te Uj^iv.e.rf^^,,,^,^ j^„^ ,,,,.„,„^ |,.ubivibni tf>
nl .,,...Jpi"«s R. King, Protessor, University of Washing^^jj. ,,,,j ^^j j^nE yT^^^i luflnf.D
-mnr: ( l.C^arol Hattan, Teacher, Skyview High School ,„r„,.[„„if:f, ni.tsfnq <., nf.iiibbr;
,¥#?W^<^^ Education Research Program: _,^^j ;, .,,,, .,„.„,,„| .^.j, „„,,, .,,.,L„-,ii.; "lo r^fl

Joan Fernni-Mundy, Associate Deai;i/pr^cie.^9.e,^d,f^3f|jpjpi3t}j:^^^c^i^i(j)(ft,^^

College of Natural Science of Michigan State University
irnirno' TW^^y MY^ Professor, Hanii|tRngplJeg? [ ,,, „„„vjnU .J:>orln3lrIU no-x.-CA
^^^'^^ \^W-.-- A ,;>.!/ ), -;,/J r . v;;-T.vmU .ri<vn-j//« -Ahd'^M /d l^^>>.b
,:■:/. t. . .J?!?^ 9-M^m Pf<?fe?9'»^iS^:y^?f^.?i%rq .: -I b^,l ,v.;j '.vli.nr^T br.f; laaifcO
^^^^R^^^^^T ,: v-nii! ;.rn:/ . .rii. 'iv-r,fr/! !■, vi, -,•//, r, i .,..,;:./ ,;!! ..k ViA ,732i^[

Nathaniel Whitaker, ?xoi^^qty^ripf.^if}^fii}/!i^^(:)yj^e^^^^ ,„^I^

Research Program:

-i..„l,, . Karl Rubm, Professor, Stajift^rfi^y^Ye^sftjy, .j^^ij v, Yii<n3vinU ,n\AoA Hynpii
.5^4^raduate Faculty Program;^, n, ,, ^,n ..ii,rnm-j8 Ajm.^?.-.^ aHj basineaio .tin

-m.. - 1 l^^-^'^^l Gorotf, Professor/ I^ai;Y^^^rvjyei^^(;i^„„'j .H:><:ii5H onia?iirl3 :mcisr,iq
,I^;^etgraduate Program: ,^,^-j.^,l,.^,,,,i J ,„,;,,„ <i:< rtiJmoa?. A'/WV^n'-'^l^Aknoiiinicl
.ybijjd !-. .Wilhap Bar^er„p,i;9^e^o^,^^f^9/p/:9,%^„ .„^Q b.^y^a-rumtJumiPAc ?3lcim»/3
-HiuoS l<,fV?&^''.^OTe,vMe,^f,W?ty'J?,'r^lEiD /TBm.iinS.wH line ^sii"aniJ\o non>i\cw3

The research topic for the summer of 2004 will be Geomevnc Comhinaioria, organized by
B^rnd Sturmfels, University of California at Berkley; Ezra, MiUear.Uniyersity oiMin,-
.^fi^ffilW>4 V^ct9p,Re)nfr,;yn/i^^^ qf ^linnesc^C^^^ 'J, ,.^^^„' ,^;^ '^^^

13a

Institute for advanced study

PROGRAM FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS

The tenth annual Program for Women in Mathematics was held at the Institute tor
Advanced Study from May 12-22, 2003. The area ot research was mathematical hiology.
The program, sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University, is
designed to bring women students in contact with postdoctoral scholars and active profes-
sional mathematicians, and to encourage women to further their mathematics education by
offering deep mathematical content as well as extensive mentoring opportunities. The pro-
gram consists of lectures, seminars, working problem groups, and mentoring and network-
ing sessions. Students and mentors take part in the life of the Institute and have the oppor-
tunity to meet other mathematicians in residence here and at Princeton University.

Tandy Wamow, University of Texas at Austin, and Dorothy Buck, Brown University,
taught the undergraduate course. Topics discussed in Professor Wamow's course includ-
ed an introduction to mathematical phylogenetics; comparing trees - distances, consen-
sus, and agreement methods; stochastic models of evolution and the performance of
simple tree reconstruction methods; and perfect phytogenies, triangulating colored
graphs, and evolutionary trees. Professor Buck's course focused on modeling interesting
phenomena in molecular biology or chemistry using topological tools.

Lisa Fauci, Tulane University, and Naomi Leonard, Princeton University, gave the gradu-
ate course. The primary goal of Professor Fauci's lectures was to make students aware of
how different areas of mathematics are directly applicable to problems in biology and phys-
iology, and to introduce them to open problems that could he the subject of graduate
research projects. Professor Leonard presented a collection of results from nonlinear con-
trol theory: stability and robustness analysis, controllability and control design, geometric
approaches, and illustrated their application to understanding and emulating the behavior
of individual animals and animal groups. She emphasized the range of mathematics used in
control theory and the ubiquity of control in biology and biology- inspired robotics. In
addition to program participants, both the undergraduate and graduate courses had a num-
ber of attendees from the Institute for Advanced Study and from Princeton University as
well as other institutions in the area. A daily schedule was posted on the website.

Karen Uhlenbeck, University of Texas at Austin, led the Women-in-Science Seminar
assisted by Michelle Swenson, University of Texas at Austin. A session on "Balancing
Career and Family," was led by a panel consisting of Cynthia Curtis, The College of New
Jersey, Antonella Grassi, University of Pennsylvania, Nancy Hingston, The College of
New Jersey, and Susan Szczepanski, Lehigh University.

Brynja Kohler, University of Utah, and Cymra Haskell, University of Southern Califor-
nia, organized the Research Seminars. The following seminars were presented during the
program: Christine Heitsch, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Computational and Com-
binatorial Aspects o/RNA Secondary Structures; Genetha Gray, Sandia National Labs, Two
Examples of Simulation-Based Optimization; Martin Nowak, Institute for Advanced Study,
Evolution of Language and Evolutionary Game Theory; Florence Lin, University of South-
em California, Touiards applications of geometric mechanics to biological macromolecules;
Katherine Kirkwood, Sweet Briar College, Blood glucose fluctuation characteristics in type I
vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus; Rachel Ward, University of Texas at Austin, Finding minimal
length paths subject to curvature constraint; Lara Baumann, UCLA School of Medicine,

132

Program for Women in Mathematics

Starisrical generics; Fran:iska Michor, Harvard University, and Yoh Iwasa, Institute for
Advanced Study and Kyushu University, Somatic Evolmon of Cancer; Angela Gallegos,
University oi California at Davis, Myxococcus xanthus: How fast do they moi'c.'; Gerusa
Araujo, Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientitica, Modeling o/ Flagellar Morilit^i via
Geometric Mec/wnics iinJ Bactenal FlagelLir Motor, and Adriana Dawes, University of
British Columbia, Touards a model of cell motilit\.

Princeton University professors Alice Chang and Ingrid Daubechies and graduate student
Cynthia Rudin planned a special day of lectures and other activities at Princeton Uni-
versity on Monday, May 19. The day ended with a panel discussion arranged by the Noe-
therian Ring, followed by a reception and dinner.

Program for Women in Mathematics Organizing Committee

The Women's Program Committee assists in planning and promoting the program and
recruiting lecturers and participants. The program was organized by Karen Uhlenbeck,
the Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents' Chair in Mathematics at the University of
Texas at Austin, and Mar\' Pugh, Professor of Mathematics, University of Toronto. Com-
mittee members include: Ranee Br>linski, Br^'linski Research; Alice Chang, Princeton
University; Ingrid Daubechies, Princeton University; Joan Feigenbaum, Yale University;
Antonella Grassi, University of Pennsylvania; Nancy Hingston, The College of New
Jersey; Rhonda Hughes, Bryn MawT College; Robert MacPherson, Institute for Advanced
Study; C>'nthia Rudin, Graduate Student, Princeton University; Janet Talvacchia,
Swarthmore College; and Lisa Traynor, Bryn Mawr College.

10th Anniversary Reunion Celebration

This year marked the 10th Anniversary- of the Program for Women in Mathematics at the
Institute for Advanced Study. To celebrate the occasion, all past participants were invited
to the Institute May 16-18, for a weekend of talks, research poster sessions, panels and
social activities. Over the past ten years, hundreds of young women have participated in
the program and gone on to successful and rewarding careers in mathematics. The field is
enriched by their presence. The following is the schedule for the reunion weekend;

Friday, May 16

5:00 p.m. Philip Holmes, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,

Princeton University

Optimal decisions in the brain: From neural oscillators to stochastic

differential equations

Wolfensohn Hall
6:30 p.m. Reception and Dinner

Saturday, May 17

9:30 a.m. Research Poster Session (organized by Cynthia Rudin, Princeton

University graduate student and member of the Program Committee)

Dil worth Room
1 1:00 a.m. Phillip A. Griffiths, Director, Institute for Advanced Study

A simple classical question that leads unavoidably to a 'post-modem'

mat/iemarical object

Simonyi Hall Seminar Room

133

Institute for advanced study -i4

1:30 p.m. Tamar Friedmann, Princeton University (Mathematical Physics) iyjiVentaZ
From Kaluza-Kkin to M-theory: on dualities ai\d unification LA

Simonyi Hall Seminar Room i -j

3:00 p.m. Research Poster Session lA

Dilworth Room iJ

4:00 p.m. Sema Salur, Northwestern University (Geometry) ■ /i.-ijn3

Calibrated Geometries and Mirror S\mmetr\

Simonyi Hall Seminar Room ■■•^^ <.iu]-j'jn'nH

6:30 p.m. Barbecue supper nthuH fiiAin^D

7:30 p.m. Panel Discussion .; ." ' '. ./i.ijrioM no yiiiitjv

.Vji . wollfil ,9fii)l ntiiarli

Sunday, May 18

9:00 a.m. Amber Puha, Galifomia State University at San Marcos- (Pr6babillicyi)iyf'in
Fluid and Diffusion Approximations far a Heavily Loaded Processor ' liT

Sharing Queue • •''

Simonyi Hall Seminar Room f i

10:30 a.m. Rachel Pries, Columbia University (Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry) 'F
Symmetries of Equations: history, applications , and Gabis covers of curves inii^
characteristic p i ' J

/' .. Simonyi Hall Seminar Room - . - ■ ;i - : ;! .mi.hjiA

ijj-ji liuuH r:Uiofl>i :('ji'.Tj[

We are grateful to the senior women mathematicians who have given their time and tak
ent to this program over the past ten years and to the young women it serves. Members
of the Program Committee, organizers, and lecturers all have served for many years and
without compensation. The program would not have been possible without the com-
mitment of these dedicated leaders and, in particular, Karen Uhlenbeck, the program
founder, and Chuu-Lian Temg, her longtime collaborator and cO'Organizer of many years.
Many talented young women entered mathematics or persevered in the field because of
the encouragement and support of Karen and Chuu-Lian and countless other senior

womem.'" ; ■ ''■'■-■ '■■ -■ ■ n. m, ,,;.,., ,,| ,,,,

■Ajrrrj-j-rif noinijii jrh lol alul -fit vd \)':)r\onnii

We are grateful to the Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study and to the Starr Foun-
dation for their generous support of the Program for Women in Mathematics: ■'■ .n:l>svi

..'- !: r-M iwii ,- jiMi- 'I i -..'Ml 1 .ill.q OG:C

(iii^TjvifiU n'iJ3jni:']
PROSPECTS IN THEORETIC ALiPHYSJCS^nVnuC)

•niiiu.jni'j lsMiir:.Tjrtil.'
Pilot Year 2002 ' • V

Under the auspices of the School of Natural Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Study
offered its first orientation and mentoring program for graduate students interested in
theoretical physics. The program, "Introduction to String Theory," took place July 142,
2002. It was designed to provide the students with information on the latest advances
and open questions in the field, the techniques required, and the most likely scenario for
future research directions. '" •' ■ ■ iiir/mii

.^.n< 1 .^.rliiilnU .A qillidi .m.b 00: 1 1
The program drew 90 regular participants and 30 registered auditors, as'well as many
graduate students, post-docs, and faculty from Princeton University and other nearby
institutions. The students came from 50 different U.S. institutions, and from South
Korea, India, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and England. The participation of wonic-n, iiiinori-

134

Prospects in Theoretii:al Physics

ties, and students from institutions that do not have extensive programs in theorecural
physics, or access to research universities, w;is especially encouraged.

Members ot the OTijanicinn committee were C^ihiara R. Nappi, Princeton University; Cur-
tis G. CalLin, Princeton University; Louise A. l\>lan, Unive^^ity of North Carolinai
Chapel Hill; Juan Maldacena, Institute for Advanced Study; Leopoldo Pando Zayas, UniJ
versity <'>f Michigan; and Alfred Shapere^ University of Kentucky. Among the local
physicists who presented lectures were Steven Gubser, Igor Klehanov, and Paul Stein-
hardt of Princeton University, and Juan Maldacena, Nathan Seiherg, and Edward Witten
of the Institute for Advanced Study. Other lecturers were Mirjani Cvetic, University of
Pennsylvania; S. J. Gates, University of Maryland; Bnan Greene, Columbia University;
Clifford v. Johnson, University of Durham; Sheldon Katr, University of Illinois; Sunil
Muhki, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Amanda W. Peet, University of Toron-
to; Leopoldo Pando Zayas, University ai Michigan; Eva Silverstein, Stanford Universiry;
and Scott Thomasi also from Stanford University.

The scientific program was comprised of six hours of daily lectures augmented by evening
discussion groups, allowing time for questions and more in-depth explorations of the con-
cepts presented in the lectures. There was a mosaic of basic and advanced talks, to meet
the needs of a varied student body. Areas related to string theory, such as particle phe-
nomenology and cosmology, were also addressed in a detailed and substantive way. in
addition to the formal activities, registered participants were invited to join the lecturers
for informal discussion and interaction over lunch.

Prospects in Theoretical Physics is one of the first outreach activities the Institute for
Advanced Study has created specifically for graduate students. Because of its strength as
a center for research in theoretical physics, the Institute is uniquely piositioned to con-
tribute to efforts to attract and retain this next generation of young physicists, thereby
providing an important service to the field of theoretical physics. The 2002 program was
made possible with support from the J. Seward Johnson, Sr. Charitable Trusts and the
Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study.

Second Year 2003

The 2003 Prospects in Theoretical Physics program, "Cosmology, Particles, and Strings,"
was held on the Institute for Advanced Study campus June 30-July 11. The program was
designed for advanced physics graduate students interested in cosmology as well as for
astrophysics graduate students interested in particle physics. Particular emphasis was put
on questions and problems that the disciplines of physics and astrophysics can coopera-
tively address.

The PiTP 2003 organizing committee was chaired by Chiara R. Nappi, Princeton Uni-
versity, and included John N. Bahcall, Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton Uni-
versity professors Neta Bahcall, David N. Spergel, and Paul J. Steinhardt. As in 2002,
the organizers encouraged the participation of women, minorities, and students from
institutions with smaller programs in astrophysics and particle physics.

More than 100 young physicists attended PiTP 2003 and lived in the Institute's housing
complex during the two-week program. Daily commuters included 30 students from

135

Institute for advanced study

Princeton University as well as many students, post-docs and faculty members from
Rutgers University', University of Pennsylvania, and other nearby institutions.

Lecturers included members ot the organizing committee as well as Juan Maldacena and
Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Study; Steve Gubser, Peter D. Meyers,
Bohdan Pac:ynski, Lyman A. Page, Jr., Phillip James E. Peebles, Uros Seljak, Thomas A.
Shutt, Suzanne T. Staggs, Michael A. Strauss, Licia Verde and Herman Verlinde of
Princeton University; Stephen Boughn, Haverford College; Arthur Kosowsky, Rutgers
University; Arlie O. Petters, Duke University; Paul G. Langacker, University of Pennsyl-
vania; and Neil Turok, Cambridge University. In addition, Neil deCrasse Tyson, direc-
tor of the Rose Research Center of the Hayden Planetarium in New York City, hosted a
session at the planetarium on July 4.

The scientific program was intense with five hours of lectures each day. The goal was to
expose the students to as many techniques and ideas as possible, and to do this in a
detailed and substantive way so that they would emerge from this program with some
concrete learning. The emphasis was on cosmology, and only topics in particle phenom-
enology and string theory were covered that were of relevance to astrophysics and cos-
mology. The emphasis was on the interplay between these fields.

On July 10, participants went to Princeton University for a day of lectures and activities
sponsored by the physics and astrophysics departments. In the morning, there were talks
by experimental cosmologists presenting the latest discoveries in the cosmic microwave
background WMAP data followed by lunch in the physics department. The students vis-
ited the labs of the gravity group and then went to the astrophysics department for talks
on neutrinos (including solar neutrinos), and dark matter searches. The day at Prince-
ton University stressed the important role of experiments in theoretical physics, and it
exemplified that PiTP is, in many respects, a joint effort between the Institute for
Advanced Study and Princeton University.

Prospects in Theoretical Physics 2003 was supported by The Concordia Foundation, the
J. Seward Johnson, Sr. Charitable Trusts, the National Science Foundation and the
Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study.

136

■■■■■■■Illllll

' y participation in PCM! has profoundly
changed my classroom teaching. At PCM J,
I was asked to leam new mathematics
and explore information 1 did not already know
or understand, hiamely, I was asked to truly become
a mathematics student again, and that
has made me a better teacher. "

— Participant, PCM I Summer Session

Participants in the fmntute for Advanced Study's Program /or Womer\ m Mathematics included (from left) Tanya Cofer,

Uni\>ersity of Georgia. Maryiea Ryan. Smith College, lecturer Dusa McDuff, State University of New York at Stony Brook and

Imtimte for Advanced Study Member 1976-77 and 2001-02; and Olguta Buse. State University of New York at Stony Brook. Dusa

McDu^and Olguta Buse were dso participants in tlie Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCM/)

'•f^^

YGUTr

-Haw /-jjij Ji j«ii J, THELIBRARIES

The Historical Studies-Social Science Library (Marcia Tucker, Librarian) contains some
100,000 volumes and has subsctiptions to about 1,000 journals. The library is strongest
in classical studies, ancient history, and archaeoU^KV. but it contains basic document
collections, reterence works, and important secimdary works ot scholarship in most tields
ot historv and the social sciences. The journal collection is extensive, and tairly complete
back runs exist to the founding ot the Institute. The library' has occupied its present
building since 1%4.

The Institute's rare book collection, the gitt ot Lessin^ J. Rosenwald, consists of about
2,000 volumes on the history of science and was compiled by Herbert M. Evans in the
1930s. The coHection, which is housed in a special room, includes numerous first
editions of important scientific works in mathematics, astronomy, physics, and the life
sciences.

The library has an extensive collection of offprints including those received by Professors
Andrew E.Z. Alfoldi, Kurt Godel, Ernst H. Kantorowicz, Elias Avery Lowe, Millard
Meiss, Envin Panofsky, and former Members Robert Huygens and Walther Kirchner.

The microfilm collections of the library include a large selection from Manuscripta, a
collection of several thousand fifteenth- to nineteenth-century printed books from the
Vatican Library. The Bavarian Academy has given the Institute a microfilm copy of slips
presented for the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. The library has microfilm copies of the
papers of both Kurt Godel and Simone Weil.

The Historical Studies-Social Science Library houses the Institute archives. The papers
in the collection date from the 1930s and include official correspondence of the
Director's Office, minutes of meetings of the Faculty and the Board of Trustees, miscella-
neous correspondence concerning past Faculty members, records of the Electronic Com-
puter Project, and other documents. The archives also include the Institute's photograph
collection.

The Mathematics-Natural Sciences Library (Momota Ganguli, Librarian) is located on
the second floor of Fuld Hall and contains some 30,000 volumes (bound periodicals and
monographs) plus subscriptions to nearly 180 journals. Its collection of older periodicals
is housed in compact shelving on the lower level of the Historical Studies-Social Science
Library. The subject areas covered by the library are pure and applied mathematics, astro-
physics, and theoretical, particle, and mathematical physics.

Both of the Institute's libraries participate in the shared cataloging system of the Research
Libraries Group, which gives Institute scholars computerized access to a database that
contains more than twenty-two million records. Searches of this database retrieve bibli-
ographic information and identify the location of materials in all participating libraries.

139

Institute for advanced study

Access to electronically-cataloged titles is available via Hori:on, the Institute's web-
accessible online catalog. TTie Institute's libraries are participants in the JSTOR project,
which makes available archival electronic versions of many core journals in mathemat-
ics and the humanities.

The Historical Studies-Social Science Library maintains a computer center with access
to a variety of word processing packages for both PCs and Macintoshes, access to data-
bases in the fields of Classical Studies, the History of Science, Islamic and French stud-
ies, and connection software to the Internet for additional information resources. The
Mathematics-Natural Sciences Library's electronic resources include an online catalog, a
variety of indexes, and a growing collection of full-text journals.

All scholars affiliated with the Institute enjoy the same privileges as Princeton Universi-
ty faculty in the Harvey S. Firestone Memorial Library and the nineteen special-subject
libraries in the Princeton University Library system and also in the Robert E. Speer
Library of the Princeton Theological Seminary.

The librarians and the faculties of all four Schools at the Institute warmly appreciate gifts
of books and articles from former and current Members of the Institute.

140

very much enjoyed conversations with the Institute's
Faculty, and I am very thankful for their critical
engagement with the various works 1 am completing.
The Institute's material and human environment is the most

coruiucive to intellectual work.... This has been the most

intellectually invigorating and productive year of my academic

career. Thank you for this possibility."

— Member, School of Social Science

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

;■: .';! ;i'.)i --:ja"!' -r.ivi ! ' -
The Boart o f T fa st ees.

Institute for Advanced Study -
-^ •'-Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuki Foiiiid;ition

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet ot Institute for Advanced Study -
Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the "Institute") as of June 30, 2003,
^nd the related statements oi activities and cash flows for the year then ended. These
financial statements are the responsibility o( the Institute's managemetit. Our re.sponsi-
biliry is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The prior
year's summarized comparative information has been derived from the Institute's June 30,
2002 financial statements, and in our report dated October 3, 2002, we expressed an
unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the
United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the
.amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit pro-
vides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the finan-
cial position of the Institute at June 30, 2003, and the changes in its net assets and its
Trash flows for the year ended June 30, 2003, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America

AL^^^'tic/^cL/^

October 13, 2003
Parsippany, New Jersey

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BALANCE SHEET

JUNE 30, 2003 (WITH COMPARATIVE TOTALS FOR 2002)

ASSETS

CASH $

SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS -
Held by Trustee

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND
CONTRACTS RECEIVABLE

ACCRUED INVESTMENT INCOME

PREPAID AND OTHER ASSETS

CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVABLE - NET

UNAMORTIZED DEBT ISSUANCE EXPENSE - NET

LAND, BUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENTS,
EQUIPMENT AND RARE BOOK
COLLECTION - NET

INVESTMENTS

2003

2002

427,017

$ 3,315,416

2,700,144

6,513,551

242,692

251,086

2,245,288

1,197,996

859,650

1,736,677

609,139

444,414

650,074

1,052,784

681,648

734,743

49,277,972

50,685,856

375,039,116

360,898,411

TOTAL ASSETS $432,732,740 $ 426,830,934

See notes lo financial statements.

144

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES ZOOi ZOOZ

ACCOUNTS rAI'ABLE

AND Ace:RUEn expenses

RERJNDABLE ADVANCES

LIABILITIES UNDER SPLIT-INTEREST
AGREEMENTS

NOTE PAYABLE

ACCRUED INVESTMENT
MANAGEMENT FEES

LONG-TERM DEBT

Total liabilities

NET ASSETS:

Unrestricted
Temporarily restricted
Permanently restricted

Total net assets

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS

$ 10,163,108

$ 9.^90.712

5.756.456

7.038,322

2,258,924

2.644.820

921,457

977,968

41,443

439.878

48,633,307

50.039,739

67,774,695

70,531,439

241,044.050

235,673,809

78,251,103

76,440,117

45,662,892

44,185,569

364,958,045

356,299,495

$ 432,732,740

$ 426,830,934

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Institute for advanced study

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES

YEAR ENDED JUNE ^0, 200^ (WITH COMPARATIX'E TOTALS FOR 2002)

UNRESTRICTED

REVENUES, GAINS AND OTHER SUPPORT:
Private contributions and grants $ 3,200,220

Government grants

Income on long-term investments 4,515,877

Net reali:ed and unrealized gains and

on long-term investments (includes

$5,849,647 and $3,975,096 in unrealized gains

in 2003 and 2002, respectively) 1 5,91 5,965

Gain on sale of capital assets 257,503

Net assets released from restrictions - satisfaction ot

program restrictions 17,230,705

Total revenues, gains and other support 41,120,270

EXPENSES:
School of Mathematics
School of Natural Sciences
School of Historical Studies
School of Social Science
Libraries and other academic expenses
Administration and general
Auxiliary activity - tenants' housing expenses,
net of unrestricted revenue $237,481

Total expenses

7,147,007
6,244,583
5,187,322
3,088,458
5,997,577
7,513,762

412,360

35,591,069

CHANGES IN NET ASSETS

NET ASSETS, BEGINNING OF YEAR

NET ASSETS, END OF YEAR

5,529,201
235.673.809

$241,203,010

See notes to financial statements

146

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

lOOi

rERMANENTLY VOJ.M Tt^^TAL

RESTRK^TED 2003 2002

$ 1.477,323 $ 9,355,202 $ 13,230,843

4,231,644 4,026,663

6,880,409 5,010,670

23.524.861 9,432,806

257,503 338,886

1.477.323 44,249,619 32.039.868

7,147,007 6.827,460

6,244,583 5,977.443

5,187,322 5,134.357

3,088,458 2,817,533

5,997,577 5,309,645

7,513,762 6,740.493

412.360 377,609

35.591.069 33.184,540

1,477.323 8,658.550 (1,144,672)

44.185.569 356.299.495 357.444.167

$45,662,892 $ 364,958,045 $356,299.495

147

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STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2003 (WITH COMPARATIVE TOTALS FOR 2002)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Change in net assets
Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to

net cash used in operating activities:

Depreciation

Gain on sale of capital assets

Contributitms restricted for long-term investments

Net realized and unrealized gains on long-term

investments

Amortization of debt issuance expense

Amortization of bond discount
Changes in assets/liabilities:

(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, and

grants and contracts receivable

Decrease (increase) in accrued investment income

Increase in prepaid and other assets

Decrease (increase) in contributions receivable

Increase in accounts payable

(Decrease) increase in refundable advances

Decrease in accrued management fees

Net cash used in operating activities

CASH ROWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sale of capital assets
Purchase of capital assets
Proceeds from sale of investments
Purchase of investments

Net cash provided by
investing activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from contributions restricted for:
Investment in endowment
Investment in plant

Other financing activities:
Decrease in liabilities under split-interest agreements
Repayment of long-term debt
Repayments of note payable
Decrease in investments held by trustee

Net cash provided by financing activities

NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH
CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR
CASH, END OF YEAR
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Interest paid

2003

2002

$ 8,658,550

$(1,144,672)

3,435,000

3,077,870

(257,503)

(338,886)

(1,770,627)

(1,781,121)

(23,683,821)

(9,432,806)

53,095

54,703

38,568

41,480

(1,038,898)

173,172

877,027

(180,737)

(164,725)

(132,897)

402,710

(258,029)

772,396

915,117

(1,281,866)

80,065

(398,435)

(1,420,710)

(14,358,529)

(10,347,451)

2,299,072

426,330

(4,068,685)

(8,560,175)

958,000,243

662,677,706

(948,457,127)

(650,800,479)

7,773,503

3,743,382

1,734,793

1,699,198

35.834

81,923

1,770,627

1,781,121

, (385,896)

(125,102)

(1,445,000)

(1,196,784)

(56,511)

(55,397)

3,813,407

6,633,204

1,926,000

5,255,921

3,696,627

7,037,042

(2,888,399)

432,973

3,315,416

2,882,443

$ 427,017

$ 3,315,416

$ 2,956,387

$ 2.585.278

See nores to financial statements.

148

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2005

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Institute tor AJvaiiceil Stiuiy (die "Institute"), an independent, private institution
devoted to the encouragement, support and patronage ot learning, was founded in W30 as
a community ot scholars where intellectual inquiry could he carried out in the most favor-
able circumstances.

Focused on mathematics and classical studies at the outset, the Institute today consists of
the School of Historical Studies, the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sci-
ences and the School oi Social Science. Each school has a small permanent faculty, and
some 190 fellowships are awarded annually to visiting members from other research insti-
tutions and universities throughout the world.

The objectives of the Institute were described as follows in the Founders' original letter to
the first Trustees: "The primary purpose is the pursuit ot advanced learning and explo-
ration in fields of pure science and high scholarship to the utmost degree that the facilities
of the institution and the ability of the faculty and students will permit."

Basis o/ Presentation - The accompanying financial statements are prepared on the accru-
al basis and are presented in accordance with recommendations contained in Not-for-
Profit Organizations issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

The reporting of contributions and pledges distinguishes between contributions received
that increase permanently restricted net assets, temporarily restricted net assets, and unre-
stricted net assets. Recognition of the expiration of donor-imposed restrictions occurs in
the period in which the restrictions expired.

Net assets and revenue, gains and losses are classified based on the existence or absence of
donor-imposed restrictions. Amounts for each of the three classes of net assets - perma-
nently restricted, temporarily restricted and unrestricted - are displayed in the statement of
activities.

Fund Accounting - The accounts of the Institute are maintained in accordance with the
principles of "fund accounting." This is the procedure by which resources for various pur-
poses are classified for accounting purposes into funds that are in accordance with activi-
ties or objectives specified. Separate accounts are maintained for each fund.

True endowment funds are subject to the restrictions of the gift instruments, which require
that the principal be invested in perpetuity; only income earned and gained on such funds
may be utilized. Quasi-endowment funds have been established by the governing board to
function as endowment funds and any portion of these funds may be expended. Unre-
stricted quasi-endowment funds have no external restrictions. However, certain of these
funds have been internally designated to support specific needs of the Institute.

All gains and losses arising from the sale, collection, or other disposition of investments
and other noncash assets are accounted for in the fund that owned such assets. Ordinary

149

Institute for advanced study

income earned on investments and receivables is generally accounted for in the fund own-
ing such assets. However, unrestricted income earned on investments of endowment and
similar funds is accounted for as revenue in unrestricted operating funds, and restricted
income is accounted for as deferred restricted revenue until used in accordance with the
terms of the restriction or transferred to endowment and similar funds.

Restricted Net Assets - The Institute has classified gifts of cash and other assets as restrict-
ed net assets, if they are received with donor specifications, as either temporarily restrict-
ed or permanently restricted net assets. Temporarily restricted net assets are amounts that
have been restricted in purpose and/or time by donor specification. Permanently restricted
net assets have resulted from donors' specifications that contributions be invested in per-
petuity and that, generally, only the income generated on such amounts be used. When a
donor restriction expires, that is, when a stipulated time restriction ends or purpose restric-
tion is accomplished, temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified to unrestricted net
assets and reported in the statement of activities as net assets released from restrictions.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principals requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.

Cosh and Cash Equivalents - The Institute considers all highly liquid short-term invest-
ments purchased with an original maturity of less than three months to be cash equiva-
lents. The Institute maintains demand deposits with major banks, the majority of which
are held in one bank.

Contributions Receivable -The Institute records unconditional promises to give (pledges)
at the fair value on the date received. The Institute's policy regarding the recording of
promises to give is to include all promises received during the last five years as pledges
receivable. A reserve for uncollectible promises is recorded to reduce the total pledge
amount to its realizable value. Pledges are recorded at the present value of their expected
future cash flows, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The discount rates used for
multi-year pledges are based on treasury bond rates which, commensurate to the term that
the pledges are due. The discount rates range from 1.09% to 5.65%. Amortization of the
discount is included in gifts and donation revenue.

Investments - All short-term investments and investments in marketable debt securities
are reported in the financial statements at fair value, based upon quoted market price.
Investments in limited partnerships are accounted for under a modified equity method
whereby the Institute recognizes its proportionate share of ordinary income/expenses and
net realized gains/losses attributable to the investments of the partnerships. Investments in
hedge and offshore funds (the "Funds") are accounted for at the lower of cost or market
value. Fair value for these investments is determined as the number of shares held by Insti-
tute multiplied by the net asset value for such shares. Net asset value, as determined by the
Funds, reflects the underlying assets held by the Funds and any investment gain or loss.

The statement of activities recognizes unrealized gains and losses on investments as
increases and decreases, respectively, in unrestricted net assets unless their use is tem-

150

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

porarily or permanently restricted by explicit donor stipulation. Purchase and sale trans-
actions are recorded on a settlement date basis. Gains and losses on the sale of investment
securities are calculated using the specific identification methixl.

The Institute regularly offers first and second mortgages to full-time faculty, administrative
employees, and resident scholars who have met certain requirements stipulated hy the
Board.

Plant Assets and Depreciation - Proceeds from the sale of plant assets, if unrestricted, are
transferred to operating funds, or, if restricted, to amounts temporarily restricted for plant
acquisitions.

Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets on a
straight-line basis (buildings and capital improvements 20-40 years, equipment 3-6 years).

Refundable Advances - Conditional amounts are recorded initially as deferred restricted
revenue, and are reported as revenues when expended in accordance with the terms of the
condition or transferred to the quasi-endowment funds.

Split Interest Agreements - The Institute is the beneficiary oi various unitrusts and pooled
income funds. The Institute's interest in these split interest agreements is reported as a
contribution in the year received and is calculated as the difference between the fair value
of the assets contributed to the Institute, and the estimated liability to the beneficiary. This
liability is computed using actuarially determined rates and is adjusted annually. The assets
held by the Institute under these arrangements are recorded at fair value as determined by
quoted market price and are included as a component of investments.

Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred in con-
nection with debt financing. Amortization of these costs is provided on the effective inter-
est method extending over the remaining term of the applicable indebtedness. Deferred
financing costs at June 30, 2003 were net of accumulated amortization ot $285,141.

Tax Status - The Institute is exempt from Federal income taxes pursuant to Section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and is listed in the Internal Revenue Service Pub-
lication 78.

2. CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVABLE

Unconditional promises to give at June 30, 2003 were as follows:

Unconditional promises to give:
Less than one year $ 263,696

One to five years 406,000

669,696

Discount on promises to give (19,622)

$ 650,074

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3. INVESTMENTS

Endowment and similar fiinds investments at June 30, 2003 are comprised ot the tollowing:

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Hedge and offshore funds

Debt securities

Mortgages from faculty and staff

Total pooled investments

REPORTED

FAIR

VALUE

$ 564,133

$ 564,n3

100,866,412

115,119,556

104,548,428

153,381,855

161,214,500

4,352,230

371,545,703

434.632,274

Funds invested separately:

Charitable remainder and pooled income trusts

3,493.413

3,493,413

Total

$375,039,116

438,125,687

The Institute's proportionate share of ordinary expense and net realized gains attributed
to its limited partnership investmeiits was $1,143,852 and $800,1 13. respectively, for the
year ended June 30. 2003.

The Institute's interests in limited partnerships and Funds represent 27% and 28%,
respectively, 55% collectively of total investments held by the Institute at June 30, 2003.
TTiese instruments may contain elements of both credit and market risk. Such risks
include, but are not limited to, limited liquidity, absence of regulator^' oversight, depen-
dence upon key individuals, emphasis on speculative investments (both derivatives and
non-marketable investments) and nondisclosure of portfolio composition.

Substantially all of the assets of endowment and similar funds are pooled with each indi-
vidual fund subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the market value per unit,
determined on a quarterly basis.

The following table summarizes the investment return and its classification in the state-
ment of activities for the year ended June 30, 2003:

Dividends and interest

Realized gain on investments
reported at fair value

Realized gain on investments
reported at other than
fair value

Total realized gain

Unrealized gain

Total realized and
unrealized gain

UNRESTRICTED

$ 4.515,877

$ 7,846,494

4,068,562

11,915,056
4,000,909

$15,915,965

TEMPORARILY
RESTRICTED

$2,364,532

$3,897,953

2.021,165
5,919,118
1,848,738

$7,767,856

TOTAL
$ 6,880,409

$11,744,447

6.089,727

17.834.174

5.849,647

$2^,68^,821

152

NOTES TO UNANOIAL STATEMENTS

Short-term investments held by trustee represent the balance of the proceeds from the
1997 and 2001 NJEFA bonds that have not yet been expended for construction purpos-
es. These funds are beins held in trust by The Bank of New York. Such funds are invest-
ed in U.S. Government obligations with maturities oi less than one year. At June 30,
200?, the market value of such securities approximates their carryinjj v.ilue.

During July 2003, the Institute invested $60,000,000 in four additional ott'shore private
funds. Funds were obtained through a partial liquidation of the Institute's fixed income
(debt) portfolio.

4. PHYSICAL PLANT

Physical plant and equipment are stated at cost at date of acquisition, less accumulated
depreciation. Library books, other than rare books, are not capitalized.
.A summary of plant assets at June 30, 2003 follows:

Land and improvements $ 1,243,861

Buildings and improvements 67,779,597

Equipment 18,583.394

Rare book collection 203,508

Joint ownership property 1,521,717

Total 89,332,078

Less accumulated depreciation (40,054.106)

Net book value $49.277,972

During 1997, the Institute entered into a Deed of Pathway and Conservation Easement
(the "Easement") whereby the Institute has received $11,794,600 in cash and
$1,274,196 in contributions receivable at June 30, 1997. in consideration for the sale of
land development rights for certain Institute properties. The Easement requires that
those properties, set forth therein, he preserved to the greatest extent possible m their
existing natural, scenic, open, w^ooded and agricultural state and be protected from uses
inconsistent therewith.

Of the $11,794,600 in cash received by the Institute. $5,625,000 represents monies
received from the New Jersey Green Acres Fund to be repaid by the parties to the Ease-
ment. The Institute's pro rata share of $921,457 has been recorded as a note payable in
the accompanying statement of financial position at June 30. 2003. The note payable
bears interest at a rate of 2% and requires semi-annual payments through January 8,
2017.

The note is payable as follows at June 30, 2003:

2004 $ 57,647

2005 58,805

2006 59,987

2007 61.193

2008 62,423
Through 2017 621,402
Total note payable $ 921,457

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5. LONG-TERM DEBT

A summary' of long-term debt at June 30, 2003 follows:

Series F &. G 1997 - NJEFA $38,335,000

Series A 2001 - NJEFA 10,805,000

Less unamortized bond discount (506,693)

Total lon^-term debt $48,633,307

Interest expense on long-term debt for the year ended June 30, 2003 was $2,633,986.

In November 1997, the Institute received proceeds of the New Jersey Educational Facili-
ties Authority offering of $16,310,000 Revenue Bonds, 1997 Series F and $26,565,000
Revenue Bonds, 1997 Series G of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. A portion of the
proceeds ($16,969,355) was used to retire the existing Revenue Bonds, 1991 Series. The
remainder of the proceeds was used for renovations of members housing. In May 2001 , the
Institute received proceeds of the New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority offering of
$ 1 1 ,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2001 Series A of the Institute for Advanced Study issue. Pro-
ceeds were used for the construction of Bloomberg Hall and additional capital projects.

The bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 4% to 5%, payable semi-annually, are subject
to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund install-
ments through July 1, 2031. The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in
the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general oblig-
ation of the Institute.

The bonds are repayable as follows at June 30, 2003:

2004 1,515,000

2005 1,585,000

2006 1,665,000

2007 1,745,000

2008 1,825,000
Through 2031 40,805,000
Total $49,140,000

6. PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

Separate voluntary defined contribution retirement plans are in effect for faculty members
and eligible staff personnel, both of which provide for annuities, which are funded, to the
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and/or the College Retirement Equities
Fund. Contributions are based on the individual participants' compensation in accordance
with the formula set forth in the plan documents on a nondiscriminatory basis. Contribu-
tions for the year ended June 30, 2003 totaled approximately $1 ,43 1 ,874.

In addition to providing pension benefits, the Institute provides certain health care and life
insurance benefits for retired employees and faculty. Substantially, all of the Institute's
employees may become eligible for these benefits if they meet minimum age and service

154

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

requirements. The Institute accrues these benefits over ;i pcruKi in winch nctivc cmplovces
become eligible under existing benetit plans.

The components of the pcrioJic cxpcn.se tor these postrt-tiremcnr bcnctirs tor 200^ are as
follows:

Postretirement Benetit Costs:
Service Cost - benefits attributable to service cKiriny the year $ 1 15,662

Interest Cost on Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation 337.323

Total $ 452,985

The actuarial and recorded liabilities for these benefits, none of which have been tunded,
are as follows at June 30, 2003:

.Accumulated postretirement benetit obligation:

Retirees $2,681,838

Fully eligible active plan participants 895,815

Other acti\e plan participants 1,417,410

Total $4,995,063

For measurement purposes, an 1 1.0% trend rate was used for 2001 health care costs, with
the rate decreasing ratably until the year 2009, and then remaining constant at 5.0% there-
after. The health care cost trend rate assumption has a significant effect on the amounts
reported. For example, a 1% increase in the health care trend rate would increase the accu-
mulated postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $656,000 at June 30, 2003 and
the net periodic cost by approximately $85,000 for the year. The weighted average discount
rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 7.5%.

7. FUNDS HELD IN TRUST BY OTHERS

The Institute is the residuary beneficiary of a trust and, upon the death of the life tenant,
will be entitled to receive the corpus thereof. The approximate market value of the trust's
assets, as reported by the administrator of the trust, aggregated $3,296,756 as of June 30,
2003, and is not included in the accompanying financial statements.

8. FUNCTIONAL ALLOCATION OF EXPENSES

The costs of providing the various programs and other activities have been summarized on
a functional basis in the statement of activities and cash flows. Accordingly, certain costs
have been allocated among the programs and supporting services benefited. The net costs
incurred by the Institute in operating both the Dining Hall ($444,957 net of $783,366 in
revenues) and members' housing ($1,820,337 net of $1,386,510 in revenues) have been
allocated among the programs and supporting services benefited. Included in the net costs
incurred by the Institute that are allocated among the programs is $1,126,680 of deprecia-
tion expense. An overhead charge is allocated to certain schools generally based upon their
ability to recover such costs under the terms of various grants and contracts. Overhead
allocated from administration and general expenses to various programs totaled $4,659,349
for the year ended June 30, 2003.

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Institute for advanced study

Interest expense on plant fund debt, net of interest income on short-term investments, is
allocated to schools based upon their occupancy of academic buildings funded with such
debt. Allocated interest expense totaled $2,089,619 and allocated interest income totaled
$38,229 for the year ended June 30, 2003.

The Institute provides academic services to a community of scholars, including permanent
faculty and visiting members. Expenses related to providing these services are as follow:

2003
Expenses incurred were for:

Salaries, wages, and benefits $18,356,449

Stipends 6,148,525

Honoraria 344,258

Grants to other organizations 287,731

Supplies and travel 2,588,853

Services and professional fees 4,083,618

Depreciation 2,308,318

Interest 1,473,317

Total expenses $35,591.069

9. TEMPORARILY AND PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED ASSETS

Restricted net assets are available for the following purposes at June 30, 2003:

Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to:
Academic Services:
Educational Programs $78,251,103

Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to:
Investments to be held in perpetuity, the income from which is
expendable to support academic services $45,662,892

Net assets were released from donor restrictions by incurring expenses satisfying the
restricted purposes or by occurrence of other events specified by donors.

10. DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Institute is required by SPAS No. 107, Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instru-
ments, to disclose the estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabili-
ties recognized and not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to esti-
mate fair value.

The estimated fair value amounts in the following disclosure have been determined by the
Institute using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.
The estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Institute could realize in a
current market exchange, and the use of different market assumptions or methodologies
could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

156

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2003

Assets:
Cash

Investments
Grant/contributions receivable

Liabilities:
Long-term debt
Note payable

REPORTED
AMOUNT

i 427,017

375,039,116

2,245,288

48,633,307
921,457

ESTIMATED

FAIR

VALUE

$ 427,017

438.125,687

2.245,288

53,467.224
921,457

The fair value oi investments is based on fair market prices. The fair market valuation of
grant/contributions receivable was estimated based on past cash collection experience. For
long-term debt, the fair values are estimated using the interest rates currently offered for
debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. The estimated fair value of mortgages for
faculty and staff is based upon similar terms at which similar institutions would provide as
part of an overall compensation package to such individuals. The estimated fair value of the
note payable is based on the discounted value of the future cash flows expected to be
received from the note.

The fair value estimates presented are based on information available to the Institute as of
June 30, 2003, and have not been revalued since that date. While the Institute is not aware
of any significant factors that would affect the estimates since that date, current estimates
of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts disclosed.

157

AS36 .179 2002-05
Institute for Advanced studv
Princeton, N.J.) Report for
the academic years...

HISTORICAL STUDIES

SOCIAL SCIENCE LIBRARY

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540

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